Volcanic Activity Reports
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Jan 17 2025 at 08:42:05 UTCA surge of lava at Erta Ale volcano in Ethiopia's Danakil Depression advanced to the camping huts on January 13, 2025, for the first time in 20 years. The effusive eruption remains at an elevated level.
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Jan 16 2025 at 09:48:02 UTCNew activity/unrest was reported for 8 volcanoes from January 8 - 14, 2025. During the same period, ongoing activity was reported for 18 volcanoes.
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Jan 16 2025 at 09:37:00 UTCThe eruption at Kilauea volcano's summit resumed at 09:15 LT (19:15 UTC) on January 15, 2025, with lava flowing from the 2 north vents at Halema'uma'u summit. It marks the fourth eruptive episode since December 23, 2024.
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Jan 16 2025 at 03:36:57 UTCIncreased volcanic activity at Indonesia's Ibu volcano prompted authorities to raise the Alert Level to 4 on January 15, 2025, and issue evacuation orders for some 3 000 people living in 6 villages near the volcano.
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Jan 15 2025 at 10:08:51 UTCVolcanic activity at Telica volcano in Nicaragua increased on January 11, 2025, with 91 gas and ash emissions observed by January 14, reaching heights of up to 200 m (656 feet).
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Jan 14 2025 at 05:12:58 UTCA powerful earthquake swarm started in the NW part of Bárðarbunga caldera, Iceland at 06:08 UTC on January 14, 2025. Initial data indicate that dozens of quakes occurred in rapid succession, hinting at possible volcanic or tectonic unrest deep beneath the ice. The current activity may be similar to the beginning of the swarm that occurred before the 2014 Holuhraun eruption.
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Jan 14 2025 at 04:12:00 UTCSeismic readings indicated the onset of a glacial outburst flood from Grímsvötn volcano on January 13, 2025. Grímsvatn floods have occurred almost annually since November 2021. There are examples of volcanic eruptions occurring due to pressure relief in Grímsvötn after water gushes from there. However, glacial outburst floods have occurred much more frequently without volcanic eruptions.
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Jan 13 2025 at 14:52:20 UTCEthiopia’s southern Afar and northern Oromia regions are experiencing an ongoing seismo-volcanic crisis that has injured two people, displaced over 60 000 residents, and caused extensive infrastructure damage since December 22, 2024.
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Jan 13 2025 at 09:37:00 UTCAn earthquake swarm began in the Campi Flegrei area of southern Italy at 07:58 LT (06:58 UTC) on January 13, 2025.
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Jan 13 2025 at 09:17:21 UTCWeak to moderate steam and gas plumes with traces of volcanic ash continue at White Island volcano, New Zealand, on January 13, 2025. The Alert Level remains at 2 while the Aviation Color Code has been raised to Orange.
- Suwanose-jima Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: EXPLODED AT 20250117/2332Z FL060 EXTD SE OBS VA DTG: 17/2330Z
Jan 17 2025 at 7:00 pm EST
- Volcanoes Today, 18 Jan 2025: Fuego volcano, Popocatépetl, Canlaon, Nevado del Ruiz
Jan 17 2025 at 7:00 pm EST
- Nevado del Ruiz Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: NEW VA EMS to 20000 ft (6100 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 6:30 pm EST
Satellite image of Nevado del Ruiz volcano on 17 Jan 2025
- Canlaon Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ERUPTION AT 20250117/2253Z FL090 EXTD SW REPORTED OBS VA DTG: 17/2300Z
Jan 17 2025 at 6:30 pm EST
Satellite image of Canlaon volcano on 17 Jan 2025
- Popocatépetl Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: NEW VA EMS to 20000 ft (6100 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 6:00 pm EST
- Fuego Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: FRQT VA EMS to 16000 ft (4900 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 5:00 pm EST
- Volcanic activity worldwide 17 Jan 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Semeru, Ibu, Reventador, Nyamur...
Jan 17 2025 at 4:00 pm EST
Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): (16 Jan) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: EXPLODED AT 20250116/2126Z OVER FL070 EXTD SE OBS VA DTG:16/2120ZMap of today's active volcanoes
Suwanose-jima (Ryukyu Islands): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: EXPLODED AT 20250117/1123Z FL060 EXTD SE OBS VA DTG:17/1120Z
Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 10 kts in SW direction.
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 REPORTED AT 17/1718Z EST VA DTG:17/1810Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
Lewotobi (Flores): (17 Jan) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION TO FL090 LAST REPORTED AT 16/1310Z
Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 and is moving at 10 kts in E direction.
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL150 REPORTED AT 17/0710Z EST VA DTG:17/2040Z to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 .
The full report is as follows: FREQUENT VA EMS to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 and is moving at 10 kts in W direction.
The full report is as follows: ONGOING VA EMS. to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): (16 Jan) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 20000 ft (6100 m) altitude or flight level 200 .
The full report is as follows: POSS VA EMS to 20000 ft (6100 m)
Sangay (Ecuador): (17 Jan) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 22000 ft (6700 m) altitude or flight level 220 .
The full report is as follows: PSBL VA EMS to 22000 ft (6700 m)
Reventador (Ecuador): (17 Jan) Mild explosive activity continues from the volcano. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington reported intermittent emissions of volcanic ash plumes.
The full report is as follows: sporadic emissions of volcanic ash
Nyamuragira (DRCongo): (17 Jan) The effusive eruption within the caldera continues.
Judging from the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite acquisitions, the active lava lake continues to occupy the summit crater as the lava wells up from below through a vent or several vents. Since late October November, lava flows stopped extending the crater on the western and northwestern rim and have remained confined within the main caldera as it's being confirmed by the radar from Sentinel-1.
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Volcano Activity Summary for 17 Jan 2025:Satellite image of Sakurajima volcano on 16 Jan 2025
- Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL150 REPORTED AT 17/0710Z EST VA DTG: 17/2040Z to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 4:00 pm EST
- Ibu Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL070 REPORTED AT 17/1718Z EST VA DTG: 17/1810Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 1:30 pm EST
- Santiaguito Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: FREQUENT VA EMS to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 1:15 pm EST
- Ibu Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL070 REPORTED AT 17/1036 EST VA DTG: 17/1210Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 7:30 am EST
- Suwanose-jima Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: EXPLODED AT 20250117/1123Z FL060 EXTD SE OBS VA DTG: 17/1120Z
Jan 17 2025 at 6:45 am EST
Satellite image of Suwanose-jima volcano on 17 Jan 2025
- Fuego Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ONGOING VA EMS. to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 5:15 am EST
- Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL150 REPORTED AT 17/0108Z EST VA DTG: 17/0840Z to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 4:15 am EST
Satellite image of Semeru volcano on 17 Jan 2025
- Nyamuragira volcano (DRCongo): active lava lake, lava flows stopped traveling beyond caldera rim
Jan 17 2025 at 3:40 am EST
The false-color satellite image of the Nyamuragira volcano from 16 January depicts the ongoing effusive activity in the summit caldera (image: Sentinel-2)The effusive eruption within the caldera continues.
Judging from the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite acquisitions, the active lava lake continues to occupy the summit crater as the lava wells up from below through a vent or several vents. Since late October November, lava flows stopped extending the crater on the western and northwestern rim and have remained confined within the main caldera as it's being confirmed by the radar from Sentinel-1.
The current effusive period of Nyamuragira starting in late July 2024 (image: Sentinel-2)
The SAR animation of the effusive activity between 2 June 2024 and 16 January 2025 (image: Sentinel-1)
- Santiaguito Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ONGOING VA EMS. to 14000 ft (4300 m)
Jan 17 2025 at 2:00 am EST
- Lewotobi Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA ERUPTION TO FL090 LAST REPORTED AT 16/1310Z
Jan 16 2025 at 10:45 pm EST
Satellite image of Lewotobi volcano on 17 Jan 2025
- Sangay Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: PSBL VA EMS to 22000 ft (6700 m)
Jan 16 2025 at 10:15 pm EST
- Volcanic activity worldwide 16 Jan 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Semeru, Ibu, Reventador, Kilaue...
Jan 16 2025 at 4:00 pm EST
Canlaon (Central Philippines): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20250116/1021Z VA CLD UNKNOWN REPORTED OBS VA DTG:16/1150ZMap of today's active volcanoes
Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION REPORTED AT 16/1806Z EST VA DTG:16/1810Z
...16 Jan:
The elevated activity from the volcano continues.
Over the past two days, stronger-than-usual explosions produced dense dark ash columns propagating towards the west-northwest. Ash emissions rose about 3-4 km above the cinder cone within the main caldera.
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Lewotobi (Flores): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION REPORTED AT 16/1310Z EST VA DTG:16/1520Z
Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 and is moving at 05 kts in E direction.
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL150 REPORTED AT 16/0707Z EST VA DTG:16/0840Z to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Kilauea (Hawai'i): (16 Jan) A small, sluggish lava flow from the north vent at approximately 09:15 AM local time today, signaled a start of a fourth episode of the ongoing summit eruption.
By 09:50 local time, the lava flow activity intensified, with lava fountaining beginning around 09:55 AM local time. At the time of writing, an estimated 10 percent of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor is covered with the fresh lava. The webcam footage shows vigorous lava fountains reaching a height of about 60 meters (200 feet). The sluggish, low-effusion activity marking the onset of this fourth episode was shorter in duration compared to the slow starts of the second (3–4 hours) and third (2.5 days) episodes. No activity has been observed at the south vent.
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Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
The full report is as follows: OCNL VA EMS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 .
The full report is as follows: FREQUENT VA EMS to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 19000 ft (5800 m) altitude or flight level 190 .
The full report is as follows: LGT VA EMS to 19000 ft (5800 m)
Sangay (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 19000 ft (5800 m) altitude or flight level 190 .
The full report is as follows: DISCRETE VA EMS to 19000 ft (5800 m)
Reventador (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 .
The full report is as follows: SML VA EMS to 15000 ft (4600 m)Satellite image of Canlaon volcano on 16 Jan 2025
- Kilauea volcano (Hawai'i): 4th effusive episode commenced with intense lava fountains and is still ongoing
Jan 16 2025 at 2:00 am EST
Vigorous fountaining from the north vent at 11:00 AM local time today (image: hawaiitracker.com)A small, sluggish lava flow from the north vent at approximately 09:15 AM local time today, signaled a start of a fourth episode of the ongoing summit eruption.
By 09:50 local time, the lava flow activity intensified, with lava fountaining beginning around 09:55 AM local time. At the time of writing, an estimated 10 percent of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor is covered with the fresh lava. The webcam footage shows vigorous lava fountains reaching a height of about 60 meters (200 feet). The sluggish, low-effusion activity marking the onset of this fourth episode was shorter in duration compared to the slow starts of the second (3–4 hours) and third (2.5 days) episodes. No activity has been observed at the south vent.
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory added: "The tiltmeter at Uēkahuna continued to record inflation beneath Halemaʻumaʻu starting around 9 a.m. yesterday, and may be starting to show signs of leveling off. Tremor increased when fountaining began, but is still lower than the first two episodes of vigorous high fountains (>250 feet or 80 meters).
If fountaining continues, it is possible that the fountain heights will increase as more gas-rich lava erupted. It is not possible to estimate how high the fountains may get or how long the fountaining will last, but prior episodes have produced fountains over 200 feet high (70 m) that last up to 24 hours."
- Ibu volcano (Halmahera, Indonesia): above-average eruptions continue, alert status raised to IV
Jan 16 2025 at 1:40 am EST
The stronger-than-usual explosion from the Ibu volcano yesterday morning (image: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi)The elevated activity from the volcano continues.
Over the past two days, stronger-than-usual explosions produced dense dark ash columns propagating towards the west-northwest. Ash emissions rose about 3-4 km above the cinder cone within the main caldera.
Following the intense eruptive period, the local observatory raised the alert level to Level IV (AWAS).
In Level IV (AWAS), people are advised to avoid the area within a radius of 4,5 km and 6 km from the crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi volcano activity update 16 January 2025
- Volcanic activity worldwide 15 Jan 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Semeru, Ibu, Dukono, Reventador...
Jan 15 2025 at 4:00 pm EST
Suwanose-jima (Ryukyu Islands): (15 Jan) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: VA IS NOT IDENTIFIABLE IN SATELLITE IMAGERY.Map of today's active volcanoes
Canlaon (Central Philippines): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20250115/1908Z FL100 EXTD SW REPORTED OBS VA DTG:15/2010Z
Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION REPORTED AT 15/1338Z EST VA DTG:15/1610Z
Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION REPORTED AT 15/0849Z EST VA DTG:15/0850Z
Dukono (Halmahera): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 8000 ft (2400 m) altitude or flight level 080 .
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL080 OBS AT 15/1900 MOV SW OBS VA DTG:15/1900Z to 8000 ft (2400 m)
White Island (New Zealand): (15 Jan) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Wellington (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20250114/1930Z PLUME TO SW OF VOLCANO UNLIKELY TO CONTAIN SIGNIFICANT VA
Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
The full report is as follows: VA EMS CONT to 14000 ft (4300 m)
Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 .
The full report is as follows: VA ACT CONT to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Telica (Nicaragua): New ash emissions occurred from the active vent yesterday.
The height of the ash plume is unknown and was not reported yet either by the local observatory nor the VAAC Washington.| Entra en Erupción el Volcán Telica de León, #Nicaragua. (Enero 14, 2025). #Volcano #Erupsi #Gunung #rcm #Eruption pic.twitter.com/03kKSFYNy1
— Climagram (@deZabedrosky) January 15, 2025
Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 19000 ft (5800 m) altitude or flight level 190 .
The full report is as follows: VA EMS SEEN ON STLT AND WEBCAM to 19000 ft (5800 m)
Sangay (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 20000 ft (6100 m) altitude or flight level 200 .
The full report is as follows: VA EMS PSBL to 20000 ft (6100 m)
Reventador (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 .
The full report is as follows: OCNL VA EMS to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Erta Ale (Danakil depression, Ethiopia): Following the recent intense effusive activity of the volcano, the local guide and geologist Enku Mulugeta observed the activity at the site from where we were provided first-hand information.
Moderate to vigorous spattering continues, ejecting juvenile and molten lava clots from the large hornito, which coalesce and form lava flows.
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Volcano Activity Summary for 15 Jan 2025:
- Telica volcano (Nicaragua): new eruption
Jan 15 2025 at 3:01 pm EST
The eruption column from Telica yesterday (image: Jairo Cajina)New ash emissions occurred from the active vent yesterday.
The height of the ash plume is unknown and was not reported yet either by the local observatory nor the VAAC Washington.
| Entra en Erupción el Volcán Telica de León, #Nicaragua. (Enero 14, 2025). #Volcano #Erupsi #Gunung #rcm #Eruption pic.twitter.com/03kKSFYNy1
— Climagram (@deZabedrosky) January 15, 2025
- Erta Ale volcano (Danakil depression, Ethiopia) field report: incredible videos from eruption site
Jan 15 2025 at 2:53 pm EST
The active lava flow continues to occupy the southern pit crater area (image: Enku Mulugeta)Following the recent intense effusive activity of the volcano, the local guide and geologist Enku Mulugeta observed the activity at the site from where we were provided first-hand information.
Moderate to vigorous spattering continues, ejecting juvenile and molten lava clots from the large hornito, which coalesce and form lava flows.
Slabs of dark, solidified crust continue to shift on the lava flow surface accompanied by typical bright orange lava glow between them.
- Karangetang volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that monitoring data and visual observations during December 2024 and 1-10 January 2025 indicated decreasing unrest at Karangetang. No avalanches were observed from either Main Crater or North Crater, and neither crater produced incandescence visible at night. North Crater occasionally produced white plumes that rose as high as 400 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions.
Weather conditions sometimes prevented visual observations. Seismicity decreased and was characterized by five deep volcanic earthquakes per day and five earthquakes indicating gas emissions per day. At 1800 on 11 January the Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was advised to stay 1.5 km away from Kawah Dua (North Crater) and the Main Crater (South Crater) with an extension to 2.5 km along the W, SW, S, and SE flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Karangetang (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Karymsky volcano (Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 2-9 January. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 5-7 and 9 January. The volcano was quiet or weather conditions prevented views on the other days of the week.
The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Karymsky (Russia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Lewotobi volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Lewotobi Laki-laki during 8-14 January. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted W and SW during 9-10 and 12-14 January. White gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on 8 and 11 January.
Incandescence at the crater was periodically visible in a webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 5 km away from the center of Laki-laki and 6 km in a semicircle counterclockwise from the NE to the SW.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Lewotobi (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Home Reef volcano (Tonga) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Tonga Geological Services reported that analysis of satellite images showed no size changes at Home Reef during 2-12 January. A thermal anomaly persisted through 14 January. The Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-level scale), and mariners were advised to stay at least 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) away from the island.
The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the Alert Level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the first level on a four-level scale).
Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Home Reef (Tonga). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Great Sitkin volcano (United States) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 7-14 January. The local seismic network continued to detect small earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. Nothing notable was identified in cloudy satellite and webcam images; though during the morning of 12 January diffuse steaming at the summit was identified in a satellite image.
The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Great Sitkin (United States). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Manam volcano (Papua New Guinea) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) reported that continuous ash plumes from Manam were identified in satellite images at 0640 and 1050 on 14 January. The plumes rose to an altitude of 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted WSW.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Manam (Papua New Guinea). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Iya volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported a decrease in seismicity at Iya during 5 November 2024-7 January 2025. Deep earthquakes indicating a magma presence continued to be recorded, and continuous tremor persisted but with a decreasing amplitude. In general, white emissions rose as high as 500 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions, though emissions that rose 10-200 m above the crater rim during 1-7 January were characterized as white-and-gray.
At 1800 on 8 January the Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Iya (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Kanlaon volcano (Philippines) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 7-13 January. The seismic network recorded 11-22 daily volcanic earthquakes that, during 7-8 and 11-13 January, included 1-7 periods of volcanic tremor lasting 10 minutes to one hour and 57 minutes. Average daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 2,029 to 5,763 tonnes per day, with the upper limit being close to the average recorded since the 3 June 2024 eruption.
Daily gas emissions that occasionally contained ash were often voluminous, rising as high as 1 km above the summit and drifting in multiple directions. There were 1-3 daily periods of ash emissions during 7-8 and 12-13 January, each as short as five minutes to as long as one hour and 55 minutes. The ash plumes mainly drifted W, WSW, and SW.
Rapid inflation of the mid-to-upper part of the E flank was detected at 1920 on 10 January in tilt data recorded by the Upper Pantao Observation station (VKUP) located at 1,056 m elevation on the E flank.
The eruption continued to impact residents. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) report issued at 0800 on 12 January stated that 10,003 people (3,158 families) were spread across 25 evacuation centers and another 7,576 people (2,409 families) were staying elsewhere. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Kanlaon (Philippines). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Santa Maria volcano (Guatemala) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito dome complex during 7-14 January with continuing lava extrusion at Caliente dome. Daily explosions, as many as 11 per hour when reported, generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.2 km above the dome and drifted as far as 40 km NW, W, SW, S, and SE. Effusion of blocky lava and collapses of material produced block avalanches that descended the flanks in multiple directions almost daily; the avalanches could sometimes be heard in areas several kilometers away.
Collapsed material produced short pyroclastic flows on a few of the days. Incandescence at the crater was sometimes visible during dark hours. Ashfall was reported during 10-11 January in areas downwind including San Marcos (10 km SW), Finca El Patrocinio (9 km SSW), Loma Linda Palajunoj (7 km SW), Llanos de Pinal, and surrounding areas, and forecasted for areas downwind on most of the other days.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Santa Maria (Guatemala). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Taal volcano (Philippines) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Taal during 7-13 January. Gas-and-steam emissions generally rose 400-600 m above the crater rim and drifted SW; emissions were not observed on 9 January. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 5,868, 1,383, and 1,811 tonnes per day on 8, 11, and 13 January, respectively.
A phreatic eruption at 2351 on 10 January generated a plume that rose 900 m above the crater rim and drifted SW; the eruption lasted for three minutes. One volcanic earthquake per day was detected on 9 and 12 January. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5); PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and recommended that the Main Crater and areas along the Daang Kastila fissure should remain prohibited.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Taal (Philippines). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Villarrica volcano (Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN) reported that at 1605 on 11 January a long-period (LP) earthquake at Villarrica was accompanied by a gas-and-ash plume that rose 200 m above the vent and drifted S. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-level scale).
Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Villarrica (Chile). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Suwanosejima volcano (Japan) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 6-13 January and crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Explosions at 2018 on 8 January, at 2225 on 9 January, at 1054 and 1739 on 11 January, and at 2300 on 13 January generated ash plumes that rose 300-1,000 m and drifted S, SE, and E. Plumes rose into the weather clouds at 1054 on 11 January and on 13 January.
The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Suwanosejima (Japan). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Sheveluch volcano (Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 2-9 January. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Sheveluch (Russia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Sabancaya volcano (Peru) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Sabancaya continued during 6-12 January with a daily average of four explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted less than 10 km W, N, and NE. Thermal anomalies over the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data.
Sulfur dioxide emissions were at moderate levels, averaging 1,060 tons per day. Slight inflation was detected N of Hualca Hualca (7 km N). The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius from the summit.
Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Sabancaya (Peru). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Semeru volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 8-14 January with several daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 400-1000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4).
The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Semeru (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Merapi volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 8 January-14 January 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Jan 15 2025 at 10:00 am EST
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 3-9 January. Seismicity remained at high levels. The SW lava dome produced 84 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 29 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and nine that traveled as far as 1.5 km SW down the Sat/Putih drainage.
Morphological changes at the SW dome were caused by continuing effusion and collapses of material. No significant morphological changes at the summit dome were visible. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Merapi (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 8 January-14 January 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.