Union City, CA Weather

Updated:  Tue, 25-Mar-2025 10:40pm EDT 
  clear Temperature: 64.9°F   /hr Humidity: 69% Dew Point: 54.5 Wind: W  2.0 mph Gust: 3.0 mph Pressure: 29.843 inHg  Steady Rain Today: 0.00 in UV-index: 0.0  None

Volcanic Activity Reports

Volcanoes – The Watchers

• Explosive eruption at Etna volcano, Aviation Color Code raised to Red, Italy
  Mar 24 2025 at 07:43:48 UTC
  A rapid increase in volcanic tremor was recorded at Mount Etna, Italy on March 24, 2025, followed by explosive activity at the Southeast Crater. The eruption occurred after tremor levels rose significantly, prompting authorities to raise the Aviation Color Code to Red at 10:18 UTC.

  Source

• Major eruption at Lewotobi Laki-laki volcano ejects ash to 16.2 km (53 000 feet) a.s.l., Indonesia
  Mar 20 2025 at 16:05:40 UTC
  A major eruption took place at Indonesia's Lewotobi Laki-laki volcano on March 20, 2025, ejecting ash up to 16.2 km (53 000 feet) above sea level.

  Source

• The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report: March 12–18, 2025
  Mar 20 2025 at 06:36:49 UTC
  New activity/unrest was reported for 8 volcanoes from March 12--18, 2025. During the same period, ongoing activity was reported for 4 volcanoes.

  Source

Worldwide Volcano News

• Kilauea volcano (Hawai'i): 15th eruption started
  Mar 26 2025 at 1:36 am EDT
  
  New lava flows from the Halemaʻumaʻu's north vent (image: Hawaiian Volcano Observatory)

  Lava fountains returned to the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor's north vent.
  On 25 March, the 15th effusive episode commenced with eight small spattering events (9:27, 9:55, 10:11, 10:29, 10:48, 11:07, 11:27, and 11:45 AM local time), which gradually transited to form vigorous lava fountains, lava jets have reached approx. 150-300 feet (50-100 meters) in height. It has triggered multiple lava flows covering the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor.
  Around midday, the south vent also became active, feeding lava onto the crater floor.
  Currently, lava flows from both vents have covered approximately 5% of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor
  Prior to the erutpion, a seismic tremor peaked as usual and instruments recorded a ground uplift transition from inflation to deflation beneath Halemaʻumaʻu crater.
  This marks the 15th eruptive episode since December 23, 2024.
  Source: Hawaiian Volcano Observatory volcano activity update 26 March 2025

  
  


• Santiaguito Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: OCSL VA EMS OBSD to 13000 ft (4000 m)
  Mar 26 2025 at 1:15 am EDT
  
  
  


• Volcanoes Today, 26 Mar 2025: Dukono volcano, Reventador
  Mar 25 2025 at 10:00 pm EDT
  


• Popocatépetl Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: OCNL VA EMS
  Mar 25 2025 at 10:00 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Dukono Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL080 OBS MOV NE AT 26/0100Z OBS VA DTG: 26/0100Z to 8000 ft (2400 m)
  Mar 25 2025 at 9:15 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Reventador Volcano: sporadic emissions of volcanic ash
  Mar 25 2025 at 8:15 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 25 Mar 2025: Etna volcano, Santiaguito, Popocatépetl, Semeru, Ibu, Duko...
  Mar 25 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Etna (Sicily, Italy): (25 Mar) The National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Catania reported an explosive eruption at the volcano's South-East crater yesterday.
  At about 10:22 local time, the new eruptive activity was limited due to dense clouds, but forecast models indicate an ash column to be propagated in the northeast direction.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  At about 08:40 local time, the seismic network recorded a typical spike in volcanic tremor, indicating rapid magma flux towards the surface through the volcanic conduits. The tremor has been localized at the SE Crater area at an altitude between 2,900 and 3,000 meters above sea level.
  
  
  Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): (25 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: EXPLODED AT 20250325/0245Z OVER FL080 EXTD E OBS VA DTG:25/0240Z
  
  Canlaon (Central Philippines): (25 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20250325/0716Z FL110 EXTD SW REPORTED OBS VA DTG:25/0740Z
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 25 kts in NE direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 REPORTED AT 25/1451Z EST VA DTG:25/1910Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): (24 Mar) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 6000 ft (1800 m) altitude or flight level 060 and is moving at 15 kts in E direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL060 REPORTED AT 24/2227Z OBS VA DTG:24/2240Z to 6000 ft (1800 m)
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION LAST REPORTED AT 25/1456Z EST VA DTG:25/1830Z
  
  Dukono (Halmahera): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 6000 ft (1800 m) altitude or flight level 060 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL060 REPORTED AT 24/2254Z MOV EAST EST VA DTG:25/1310Z to 6000 ft (1800 m)
  
  White Island (New Zealand): (25 Mar) Over the past few weeks, webcams at Whakatāne and Te Kaha have continued to capture steam and gas plumes, with occasional traces of ash.
  At times, the MetService has also detected small amounts of ash in the plume via satellite imagery. From the coast, this can sometimes appear as a hazy plume drifting downwind from the volcano.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Recent gas and observation flights have confirmed these coastal observations. Friday’s flight recorded minor changes in the active vent area, which has slightly expanded. Impact craters were also observed, indicating occasional explosive activity that has ejected ballistic blocks up to 600 meters from the vent onto the crater floor. The exact number and timing of these events remain unknown, but such activity is common at Whakaari as vents develop. The impacts of these eruptions have remained confined to the Main Crater floor.
  Thermal infrared measurements show that vent temperatures have increased from 220 °C in January to 360 °C on Friday, though they remain well below the peak of over 580 °C recorded in August 2024. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emissions continue to be detected by satellite under favorable conditions. When northerly winds prevail, the presence of minor ash in the steam and gas plume, along with gases, may be noticeable along the coast as a sulfuric odor.
  
  
  Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 22000 ft (6700 m) altitude or flight level 220 .
  The full report is as follows: CLEAR VA EM to 22000 ft (6700 m)
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 13000 ft (4000 m) altitude or flight level 130 .
  The full report is as follows: OCNL VA EMS to 13000 ft (4000 m)
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: PSBL VA EMS
  
  Sangay (Ecuador): (24 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: NO VA EMS
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: PSBL VA EMS
  The tremor plot at the Etna depicting a sharp peak of volcanic tremor yesterday (image: National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology Catania)
  
  


• Nevado del Ruiz Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: PSBL VA EMS
  Mar 25 2025 at 4:45 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Ibu Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL070 REPORTED AT 25/1451Z EST VA DTG: 25/1910Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  Mar 25 2025 at 3:45 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ERUPTION LAST REPORTED AT 25/1456Z EST VA DTG: 25/1830Z
  Mar 25 2025 at 3:00 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Reventador Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: PSBL VA EMS
  Mar 25 2025 at 2:00 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Santiaguito Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: OCNL VA EMS to 13000 ft (4000 m)
  Mar 25 2025 at 1:30 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Popocatépetl Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: CLEAR VA EM to 22000 ft (6700 m)
  Mar 25 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
  
  
  


• Dukono Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL060 REPORTED AT 24/2254Z MOV EAST EST VA DTG: 25/1310Z to 6000 ft (1800 m)
  Mar 25 2025 at 9:30 am EDT
  
  Satellite image of Dukono volcano on 25 Mar 2025
  
  


• Nevado del Ruiz Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: NO VA DTCTD
  Mar 25 2025 at 7:30 am EDT
  
  
  


• Santiaguito Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: PSBL VA EMS
  Mar 25 2025 at 5:30 am EDT
  
  
  


• Canlaon Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ERUPTION AT 20250325/0716Z FL110 EXTD SW REPORTED OBS VA DTG: 25/0740Z
  Mar 25 2025 at 4:15 am EDT
  
  Satellite image of Canlaon volcano on 25 Mar 2025
  
  


• Ibu Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL070 REPORTED AT 25/0718Z EST VA DTG: 25/0710Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  Mar 25 2025 at 3:45 am EDT
  
  Satellite image of Ibu volcano on 25 Mar 2025
  
  


• Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ERUPTION LAST REPORTED AT 25/0557Z EST VA DTG: 25/0630Z
  Mar 25 2025 at 3:00 am EDT
  
  Satellite image of Semeru volcano on 25 Mar 2025
  
  


• Reventador Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: PSBL VA EMS
  Mar 25 2025 at 2:30 am EDT
  
  
  


• White Island volcano (New Zealand): unrest and occasional eruptive activity continue
  Mar 24 2025 at 11:43 pm EDT
  

  Over the past few weeks, webcams at Whakatāne and Te Kaha have continued to capture steam and gas plumes, with occasional traces of ash.
  At times, the MetService has also detected small amounts of ash in the plume via satellite imagery. From the coast, this can sometimes appear as a hazy plume drifting downwind from the volcano.
  Recent gas and observation flights have confirmed these coastal observations. Friday’s flight recorded minor changes in the active vent area, which has slightly expanded. Impact craters were also observed, indicating occasional explosive activity that has ejected ballistic blocks up to 600 meters from the vent onto the crater floor. The exact number and timing of these events remain unknown, but such activity is common at Whakaari as vents develop. The impacts of these eruptions have remained confined to the Main Crater floor.
  Thermal infrared measurements show that vent temperatures have increased from 220 °C in January to 360 °C on Friday, though they remain well below the peak of over 580 °C recorded in August 2024. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emissions continue to be detected by satellite under favorable conditions. When northerly winds prevail, the presence of minor ash in the steam and gas plume, along with gases, may be noticeable along the coast as a sulfuric odor.
  Steam, gas, and ash emissions remain variable, as they have for the past few months. This activity is consistent with moderate to heightened unrest, and as a result, the Volcanic Alert Level remains at Level 2. Due to the continued ash emissions, the Aviation Colour Code remains at Orange. These levels reflect both the current activity and the uncertainty surrounding the state of unrest, as real-time monitoring data remains inconsistent.
  The activity could escalate suddenly, with little or no warning. More explosive events may continue to affect the crater floor and areas near the island, but the Bay of Plenty coast remains unaffected by these short-term fluctuations.
  Source: Geonet New Zealand volcano activity update 25 March 2025

  
  


• Etna volcano update: eruptive activity in SE crater yesterday
  Mar 24 2025 at 11:36 pm EDT
  
  The tremor plot at the Etna depicting a sharp peak of volcanic tremor yesterday (image: National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology Catania)

  The National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Catania reported an explosive eruption at the volcano's South-East crater yesterday.
  At about 10:22 local time, the new eruptive activity was limited due to dense clouds, but forecast models indicate an ash column to be propagated in the northeast direction.
  At about 08:40 local time, the seismic network recorded a typical spike in volcanic tremor, indicating rapid magma flux towards the surface through the volcanic conduits. The tremor has been localized at the SE Crater area at an altitude between 2,900 and 3,000 meters above sea level.
  Source: The National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology Catania volcano activity update 25 March 2025

  
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 24 Mar 2025: Etna volcano, Santiaguito, Popocatépetl, Semeru, Ibu, Duko...
  Mar 24 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Etna (Sicily, Italy): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Toulouse (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20250324/1018Z ACTIVITY WEAKENING OBS VA DTG:24/1800Z
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION LAST REPORTED AT 24/0219Z EST VA DTG:24/1510Z
  
  Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 5000 ft (1500 m) altitude or flight level 050 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL050 MOV EAST EST VA DTG:24/0816Z to 5000 ft (1500 m)
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION LAST REPORTED AT 24/1723Z EST VA DTG:24/1830Z
  
  Dukono (Halmahera): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 6000 ft (1800 m) altitude or flight level 060 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL060 REPORTED AT 24/0812Z MOV EAST EST VA DTG:24/1310Z to 6000 ft (1800 m)
  
  Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA CLD HAS DSIPTD.
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 13000 ft (4000 m) altitude or flight level 130 .
  The full report is as follows: OCNL TO FRQT VA EMS. to 13000 ft (4000 m)
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 23000 ft (7000 m) altitude or flight level 230 .
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS DTCTD to 23000 ft (7000 m)
  
  Sangay (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 22000 ft (6700 m) altitude or flight level 220 .
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS DTCTD to 22000 ft (6700 m)
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: SML VA EMS
  
  Puyehue-Cordón Caulle (Central Chile and Argentina): (23 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Buenos Aires (VAAC) issued the following report: NO VA DETECTED
  Volcano Activity Summary for 24 Mar 2025:
  
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 23 Mar 2025: Semeru volcano, Ibu, Sakurajima, Canlaon, Nevado del Ruiz
  Mar 23 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): (22 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: EXPLODED AT 20250322/2055Z OVER FL070 EXTD SE OBS VA DTG:22/2050Z
  
  Canlaon (Central Philippines): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20250323/0855Z FL090 EXTD SW REPORTED OBS VA DTG:23/0910Z
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA REPORTED TO FL060 AT 24/1529Z EST VA DTG:23/1540Z
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION LAST REPORTED AT 23/1917Z EST VA DTG:23/1910Z
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): (23 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS ONGOING
  Volcano Activity Summary for 23 Mar 2025:
  Satellite image of Sakurajima volcano on 22 Mar 2025
  
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 22 Mar 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Semeru, Shiveluch, Ibu, Marapi, Revent...
  Mar 22 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Shiveluch (Kamchatka): (22 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: VA AT 20250322/0251Z FL140 EXTD E MOV 10KT REPORTED
  
  Suwanose-jima (Ryukyu Islands): (22 Mar) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Tokyo warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 5000 ft (1500 m) altitude or flight level 050 .
  The full report is as follows: ERUPTED AT 20250322/0303Z FL050 EXTD E OBS VA DTG:22/0330Z to 5000 ft (1500 m)
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 REP AT 22/1106Z OBS VA DTG:22/1110Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  Lewotobi (Flores): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 10000 ft (3000 m) altitude or flight level 100 .
  The full report is as follows: VA REPORTED TO FL100 AT 22/1116Z OBS VA DTG:22/1120Z to 10000 ft (3000 m)
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION LAST REPORTED AT 22/1759Z EST VA DTG:22/1910Z
  
  Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): (22 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION REPORTED BASED ON SEISMIC ACTIVITY
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: PSBL VA EMS
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 22000 ft (6700 m) altitude or flight level 220 .
  The full report is as follows: OCSL VA EMS OBSD to 22000 ft (6700 m)
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: NO VA EMS
  Satellite image of Shiveluch volcano on 22 Mar 2025
  
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 21 Mar 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Semeru, Ibu, Dukono, Reventador...
  Mar 21 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: EXPLODED AT 20250321/1701Z OVER FL060 EXTD SE OBS VA DTG:21/1700Z
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 05 kts in SW direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 REPORTED AT 21/0907Z EST VA DTG:21/1450Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  Lewotobi (Flores): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: DISCRETE VA TO FL530 AND FL400. CONTINUOUS VA TO FL100.
  ...20 Mar:
  A new, very strong eruptive phase began at the volcano at 20:30 local time tonight and is still ongoing at the time of this update.
  The activity of the volcano accelerated at 22:56 local time, and produced a tall ash column rising about 8 km above the summit that is drifting west and southwest, according to the local volcano observatory. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin issued a warning to aviation about of an ash plume rising possibly to even higher altitudes of up to 53,000 ft (approx. 16 km).
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Strong incandescence visible on webcam images highly likely suggest the presence of a new lava flow or deposits from glowing rock falls.
  
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION LAST REPORTED AT 21/1739Z EST VA DTG:21/1910Z
  
  Dukono (Halmahera): (21 Mar) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 05 kts in SE direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 LAST REPORTED AT 21/0157Z EST VA DTG:21/0820Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  White Island (New Zealand): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Wellington (VAAC) issued the following report: NO REPORTED ACTIVITY IN THE LAST 6 HRS OBS VA DTG:21/0902Z
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 13000 ft (4000 m) altitude or flight level 130 .
  The full report is as follows: FQT VA EMS to 13000 ft (4000 m)
  
  Fuego (Guatemala): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: STEAM AND GASES ONLY
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 .
  The full report is as follows: VA ACT IN WEBCAM to 15000 ft (4600 m)
  
  Nyamuragira (DRCongo): (20 Mar) The volcano's lava lake continues to be highly active and illuminates an impressive steam plume rising from it, seen from afar including the city of Goma. The activity remains confined within the volcano's summit caldera.
  Volcano Activity Summary for 21 Mar 2025:
  Satellite image of Sakurajima volcano on 21 Mar 2025
  
  


• Nyamuragira volcano (DRCongo): lava lake remains active, impressive images from Goma city
  Mar 20 2025 at 5:20 pm EDT
  
  Strong glowing steam from the Nyamuragira 's caldera indicates the active lava lake (image: @kabumba_justin/x.com)

  The volcano's lava lake continues to be highly active and illuminates an impressive steam plume rising from it, seen from afar including the city of Goma. The activity remains confined within the volcano's summit caldera.

  
  


• Lewotobi volcano (Flores Island, Indonesia): massive eruption with pyroclastic flows and very high ash plume
  Mar 20 2025 at 5:07 pm EDT
  
  Webcam image shows glowing steam indicating lava flows and/or hot rock falls at Lewotobi Laki Laki volcano (image: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi)

  A new, very strong eruptive phase began at the volcano at 20:30 local time tonight and is still ongoing at the time of this update.
  The activity of the volcano accelerated at 22:56 local time, and produced a tall ash column rising about 8 km above the summit that is drifting west and southwest, according to the local volcano observatory. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin issued a warning to aviation about of an ash plume rising possibly to even higher altitudes of up to 53,000 ft (approx. 16 km).
  Strong incandescence visible on webcam images highly likely suggest the presence of a new lava flow or deposits from glowing rock falls.
  The activity produced glowing avalanches (also known as pyroclastic flows) that descended the volcano's flanks and reached up to 3.3 km distance from the summit. Such gravity-driven flows typically form when lava is rapidly being deposited on steep slopes and collapses into turbulent avalanches that can travel many kilometers and destroy everything in their path.

  
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 20 Mar 2025: Etna volcano, Santiaguito, Semeru, Ibu, Dukono, Marapi, Rev...
  Mar 20 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Etna (Sicily, Italy): A new strombolian activity has been observed at the volcano's South-East Crater.
  At about 21:25 local time yesterday, strombolian explosions produced glowing ejecta thrown at an approximate height of 50 and 75 meters.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  An ash plume has been propagating in the E-SE direction.
  At about 19:30 local time, the seismic network recorded a typical spike in volcanic tremor, indicating rapid magma flux towards the surface through the volcanic conduits. The tremor has been localized at an altitude of 2,900 meters above sea level.
  
  
  Canlaon (Central Philippines): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20250320/1408Z VA CLD UNKNOWN REPORTED OBS VA DTG:20/1410Z
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION REPORTED AT 20/0720Z EST VA DTG:20/0850Z
  
  Lewotobi (Flores): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 20000 ft (6100 m) altitude or flight level 200 .
  The full report is as follows: HIGH LEVEL ERUPTION WITH VA TO FL530 MOV W OBS VA DTG:20/1800Z to 20000 ft (6100 m)
  
  Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): (19 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA RPT AT 19/2054Z EST VA DTG:19/2054Z
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA LAST REPORTED AT 20/0027Z EST VA DTG:20/0840Z
  
  Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): (19 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA RPT TO FL130 AT 19/1929Z EST VA DTG:19/2130Z
  
  Dukono (Halmahera): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 10 kts in W direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 LAST RPT 19/2139Z EST VA DTG:20/1010Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  White Island (New Zealand): (20 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Wellington (VAAC) issued the following report: NO REPORTED ACTIVITY IN THE LAST 6 HRS OBS VA DTG:20/0539Z
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
  The full report is as follows: CONT VA EMS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: NO VA DTCTD
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): (20 Mar) Mild explosive activity continues from the volcano. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington reported intermittent emissions of volcanic ash plumes.
  The full report is as follows: sporadic emissions of volcanic ash
  Strombolian activity at Etna last night (image: Etna Walk)
  
  


• Etna volcano update: strombolian activity last night
  Mar 20 2025 at 4:44 pm EDT
  
  Strombolian activity at Etna last night (image: Etna Walk)

  A new strombolian activity has been observed at the volcano's South-East Crater.
  At about 21:25 local time yesterday, strombolian explosions produced glowing ejecta thrown at an approximate height of 50 and 75 meters.
  An ash plume has been propagating in the E-SE direction.
  At about 19:30 local time, the seismic network recorded a typical spike in volcanic tremor, indicating rapid magma flux towards the surface through the volcanic conduits. The tremor has been localized at an altitude of 2,900 meters above sea level.
  Source: The National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology Catania volcano activity update 20 March 2025

  A close-up view of vigorous spattering from the North-East Crater (image: Etna Walk)
  
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 19 Mar 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Semeru, Ibu, Dukono, Svartsengi, Reven...
  Mar 19 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Svartsengi (Reykjanes peninsula, SW Iceland): (19 Mar) The seismic activity near the Sundhnúkur crater row has shown a clear weekly increase, except for the final week of February, likely due to weather conditions.
  A previously seismic station that caused measurement disturbances has now been corrected. The earthquaks persist in the same area as before previous eruptions—between Sundhnúkur and Stóra-Skógfell—where magma first surfaced in six of the seven eruptions since December 2023.
  Deformation measurements, including GPS data, indicate the ongoing uplift, albeit at a slightly slower rate. There are no signs of subsidence around Svartsengi, as confirmed by GPS and InSAR observations. Magma continues to accumulate beneath Svartsengi, now reaching its highest volume since the eruption sequence at the Sundhnúkur crater row began in December 2023.
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: CVGHM REPORT VA TO FL070 AT 19/1142Z EST VA DTG:19/1150Z
  
  Lewotobi (Flores): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 10000 ft (3000 m) altitude or flight level 100 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL100 OBS AT 19/1650Z MOV E OBS VA DTG:19/1700Z to 10000 ft (3000 m)
  
  Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): (19 Mar) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: GROUND REPORT OF ERUPTION WITH VA TO FL070 EST VA DTG:18/2330Z
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 and is moving at 10 kts in N direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL150 LAST REPORTED AT 18/1200Z EST VA DTG:19/1440Z to 15000 ft (4600 m)
  
  Dukono (Halmahera): (18 Mar) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 8000 ft (2400 m) altitude or flight level 080 and is moving at 10 kts in W direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL080 LAST REPORTED 17/2248Z EST VA DTG:18/2230Z to 8000 ft (2400 m)
  
  White Island (New Zealand): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Wellington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 5000 ft (1500 m) altitude or flight level 050 and is moving at 15 kts in NW direction.
  The full report is as follows: ERUPTION AT 20250319/0858Z CONTINUOUS LOW LEVEL ERUPTION to 5000 ft (1500 m)
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): (19 Mar) Mild explosive activity continues from the volcano. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington reported intermittent emissions of volcanic ash plumes.
  The full report is as follows: sporadic emissions of volcanic ash
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): (19 Mar) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 21000 ft (6400 m) altitude or flight level 210 .
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS RPRTD. to 21000 ft (6400 m)
  
  Sangay (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 18000 ft (5500 m) altitude or flight level 180 .
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS DTCTD to 18000 ft (5500 m)
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS DTCTD
  Volcano Activity Summary for 19 Mar 2025:
  The graph presents 8-hour GPS solutions for station THOB, situated at Þorbjörn. The data illustrate movements in the north, east, and vertical directions, displayed from top to bottom (image: Icelandic Met Office)
  
  


• Sangay volcano (Ecuador) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 March-18 March 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Mar 19 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  

  The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that moderate levels of eruptive activity continued at Sangay during 11-18 March. The seismic network recorded 78-475 daily explosions. Weather clouds obscured views most of the week, but during 16-17 March several gas-and-ash plumes were visible rising as high as 1 km above the summit and drifting W, WSW, and SW.
  Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
  
  Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
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  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Sangay (Ecuador). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12 March-18 March 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Rincon de la Vieja volcano (Costa Rica) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 March-18 March 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Mar 19 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  

  The Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported that occasional, small, phreatic eruptions at Rincón de la Vieja were recorded during 12-17 March in monitoring network data. A phreatic eruption at 1828 on 13 March was preceded by more than 25 tornillo-type seismic events. A phreatic event at 0344 on 14 March was the most energetic so far in 2025 and produced a voluminous steam-and-gas plume with tephra that drifted SW.
  
  Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)
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  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Rincon de la Vieja (Costa Rica). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12 March-18 March 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Reventador volcano (Ecuador) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 March-18 March 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Mar 19 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  

  The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that eruptive activity continued at Reventador during 11-18 March. Seismicity included 59-106 daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, harmonic tremor, and tremor associated with emissions. Multiple daily ash-and-gas plumes rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted in multiple directions.
  Webcams recorded multiple instances nightly of incandescent material descending the flanks as far as 900 m below the crater rim. Minor ashfall was reported in Piedra Fina, 8 km SE, at around 0700 on 14 March; ashfall in that area had been persistent for the past few months. On 17 March a pyroclastic flow traveled 400 m down the SE flank.
  Incandescent material was ejected 400 m above the crater rim. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos maintained the Alert Level at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
  
  Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
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  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Reventador (Ecuador). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12 March-18 March 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Santa Maria volcano (Guatemala) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 March-18 March 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Mar 19 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  

  The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) reported ongoing, high-level eruptive activity at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito dome complex during 11-18 March with continuing lava extrusion at Caliente dome. Daily explosions, as many as seven per hour when reported, generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.2 km above the dome and possibly drifted as far as 40 km S, SW, W, and NE. Effusion of blocky lava and collapses of material produced block avalanches that were sometimes heard several kilometers away; these mainly descended the SW and S flanks.
  Collapsed material sometimes produced short pyroclastic flows that descended the flanks in all directions. Incandescence was visible at the crater and upper part of the SW flank lava flow. Ashfall was forecast for areas downwind on most days.
  
  Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
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  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Santa Maria (Guatemala). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12 March-18 March 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Sheveluch volcano (Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 March-18 March 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Mar 19 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  

  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 6-13 March. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
  Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
  
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Sheveluch (Russia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12 March-18 March 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Suwanosejima volcano (Japan) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 March-18 March 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Mar 19 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  

  The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 10-17 March. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive activity generated emissions that rose 900 m above the crater rim.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
  
  Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Suwanosejima (Japan). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12 March-18 March 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Stromboli volcano (Italy) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 March-18 March 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Mar 19 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  

  The Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 10-16 March. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at four vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco and from at least two vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N continued to produce low- to medium-intensity explosions at a rate of 4-9 events per hour, ejecting lapilli and bombs less than 150 m above the vents.
  Explosions at the vents in Area C-S ejected tephra above the vent at a rate of 1-4 events per hour. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
  
  Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)
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  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Stromboli (Italy). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12 March-18 March 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Spurr volcano (United States) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 March-18 March 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Mar 19 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  

  The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported increasing unrest at Spurr in a special information statement issued on 12 March. Collapses of snow and ice into the summit crater lake that formed during the current period of unrest continued to occur along with steam emissions from fumaroles within and around the summit crater. New diffuse steam plumes from small snow-free spots within Crater Peak, a vent 3.5 km S of the summit, were first observed on 6 March.
  These locations have been sporadically snow-free for years, but steaming had not been observed since 2008. Significantly elevated volcanic gas emissions were measured during overflights on 7 and 11 March, when newly reactivated fumaroles at Crater Peak were also observed. About 450 tons per day (t/d) of sulfur dioxide at the summit crater was measured on 7 March, an increase from less than 50 t/d measured in December 2024.
  Notably high concentrations of carbon dioxide detected at Crater Peak are similar to values measured before other eruptions such as Redoubt in 2009. An average of 100 earthquakes per week were located during the past month; most were shallow, around 4 km below sea level, with the largest being M 2.7. Over 3,400 earthquakes had been located since April 2024.
  Ground deformation continued to be detected with a total of about 6.5 cm of inflation recorded at the closest Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station. Modeling of the data suggested that the source was located 3-5 km below sea level and 3-4 km W of the summit. Seismicity remained elevated during 13-18 March with numerous small, shallow volcanic earthquakes detected beneath the volcano.
  Weather clouds often obscured views, though the crater lake and a gas plume were visible on 15 March, and a small steam plume rising from the summit was observed in clear webcam and satellite images during 17-18 March.
  
  
  
  The interpretation from AVO is that a magmatic intrusion has been underway for months, and the recent gas data suggests that a new pathway towards the Crater Peak vent has opened; Crater Peak erupted in 1953 and 1992 and the summit last erupted several thousand years ago. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).
  
  Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
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  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Spurr (United States). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12 March-18 March 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Semeru volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 12 March-18 March 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Mar 19 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  

  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 12-18 March, with multiple, daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes rose 500-1,200 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4).
  The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
  
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Semeru (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 12 March-18 March 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.