Volcanic Activity Reports
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Apr 17 2025 at 05:41:36 UTCVolcanic ash has been increasingly detected in the steam and gas plume at White Island volcano, New Zealand, over the past few months, prompting authorities to raise the Volcanic Alert Level to 3 on April 17, 2025. Intermittent explosive activity observed during aerial monitoring supports the assessment of elevated volcanic unrest.
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Apr 17 2025 at 02:58:14 UTCNew activity/unrest was reported for 3 volcanoes from April 9 to 15, 2025. During the same period, ongoing activity was reported for 20 volcanoes.
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Apr 12 2025 at 10:56:10 UTCAn extrusive-effusive eruption at Bezymianny volcano in Kamchatka, Russia, intensified on April 11, 2025, producing pyroclastic flows on the eastern slopes and ash plumes reaching 3--4 km (9 800–13 100 feet) above sea level. Current data suggests the volcano is preparing for a strong explosive eruption.
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Apr 11 2025 at 14:39:25 UTCNew activity/unrest was reported for 4 volcanoes from April 2 to 8, 2025. During the same period, ongoing activity was reported for 23 volcanoes.
- Volcanoes Today, 17 Apr 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Semeru, Ibu, Reventador, Poas, Sangay, White Island, Lewotobi
Apr 17 2025 at 9:00 am EDT
- Poas Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EM DTCTD
Apr 17 2025 at 8:45 am EDT
- Santiaguito Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: NEW VA EMS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
Apr 17 2025 at 4:00 am EDT
- Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: DISCRETE VA ERUPTION LAST REP AT 17/0639Z EST VA DTG: 17/0700Z
Apr 17 2025 at 3:30 am EDT
Satellite image of Semeru volcano on 17 Apr 2025
- Reventador Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: PSBL VA EMS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
Apr 17 2025 at 12:45 am EDT
- White Island volcano (New Zealand): elevated unrest sets alert level to 3
Apr 17 2025 at 12:20 am EDT
Despite limited direct observations in recent weeks, webcam images from Whakatāne and Te Kaha continue to show a rise in ash content within a steam and gas plume at Whakaari/White Island. Similarly, the MetService has detected small amounts of ash in the plume using satellite imagery. From the coast, this appears as a hazy trail extending downwind from the volcano. These signs point to a gradual increase in eruptive activity, prompting the Volcanic Alert Level to be raised to Level 3.
Recent observation and gas measurement flights, along with satellite data, confirm this gradual rise in ash emissions. Although the emissions remain minor, northerly winds can carry the gas and ash plume toward the coast, where residents may notice sulphur-like odours. At this time, ash fall is not expected to impact the Bay of Plenty coastline.
Observation flights have also revealed impact craters on the floor of the main crater, indicating that more explosive activity has occurred at times, with rocks being ejected several hundred metres from the vent. These types of explosive events are typical at Whakaari, often resulting from growing vents becoming temporarily blocked or experiencing increased gas pressure.
Monitoring data, including gas flight results, thermal infrared temperature readings, and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) levels observed via satellite, all show slight upward trends. These are consistent with increasing volcanic activity and more frequent ash emissions.
Steam, gas, and ash emissions remain variable, as they have for several months. Due to limited on-island monitoring, short-duration eruptions may be occurring unnoticed. Nonetheless, the recent activity aligns with low-level eruptive behavior, warranting the elevation of the Volcanic Alert Level to Level 3. The continued ash emissions mean the Aviation Colour Code remains at Orange, reflecting both the increased activity and the heightened uncertainty.
Source: Geonet New Zealand volcano activity update 17 April 2025
- Nevado del Ruiz Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA NOT OBS
Apr 17 2025 at 12:15 am EDT
- Ibu Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL070 LAST REP AT 17/0257Z EST VA DTG: 17/0340Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
Apr 17 2025 at 12:15 am EDT
Satellite image of Ibu volcano on 17 Apr 2025
- Lewotobi Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL100 LAST REPORTED AT 17/0216Z EST VA DTG: 17/0240Z to 10000 ft (3000 m)
Apr 16 2025 at 11:15 pm EDT
- Sangay Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ONGOING VA EMS to 20000 ft (6100 m)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:45 pm EDT
- Nevado del Ruiz Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: NEW VA EMS
Apr 16 2025 at 6:15 pm EDT
Satellite image of Nevado del Ruiz volcano on 16 Apr 2025
- Volcanic activity worldwide 16 Apr 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Popocatépetl, Semeru, Ibu, Dukono, Ma...
Apr 16 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 05 kts in SW direction.Map of today's active volcanoes
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 REPORTED AT 16/0852Z EST VA DTG:16/1100Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
Lewotobi (Flores): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 10000 ft (3000 m) altitude or flight level 100 and is moving at 10 kts in SE direction.
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL100 LAST REPORTED AT 16/1235Z EST VA DTG:16/1840Z to 10000 ft (3000 m)
Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: DISCRETE VA ERUPTION LAST REP AT 16/1801Z EST VA DTG:16/1900Z
Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): (16 Apr) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA REPORTED TO FL120 AT 16/0427Z EST VA DTG:16/0510Z
Dukono (Halmahera): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 8000 ft (2400 m) altitude or flight level 080 and is moving at 05 kts in SW direction.
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL080 LAST REP AT 16/0028Z EST VA DTG:16/2000Z to 8000 ft (2400 m)
Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 20000 ft (6100 m) altitude or flight level 200 .
The full report is as follows: CLEAR VA EM to 20000 ft (6100 m)
Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 13000 ft (4000 m) altitude or flight level 130 and is moving at 5 kts in NW direction.
The full report is as follows: VA EM DTCTD to 13000 ft (4000 m)
Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): (16 Apr) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 19000 ft (5800 m) altitude or flight level 190 .
The full report is as follows: PSBL VA EM to 19000 ft (5800 m)
Sangay (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 24000 ft (7300 m) altitude or flight level 240 .
The full report is as follows: CONT VA EM to 24000 ft (7300 m)
Reventador (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 .
The full report is as follows: OCNL VA EM to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Volcano Activity Summary for 16 Apr 2025:Satellite image of Ibu volcano on 16 Apr 2025
- Dukono Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL080 LAST REP AT 16/0028Z EST VA DTG: 16/2000Z to 8000 ft (2400 m)
Apr 16 2025 at 4:30 pm EDT
Satellite image of Dukono volcano on 16 Apr 2025
- Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: DISCRETE VA ERUPTION LAST REP AT 16/1801Z EST VA DTG: 16/1900Z
Apr 16 2025 at 3:30 pm EDT
- Lewotobi Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL100 LAST REPORTED AT 16/1235Z EST VA DTG: 16/1840Z to 10000 ft (3000 m)
Apr 16 2025 at 3:30 pm EDT
- Popocatépetl Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: CLEAR VA EM to 20000 ft (6100 m)
Apr 16 2025 at 2:15 pm EDT
- Reventador Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: OCNL VA EM to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Apr 16 2025 at 1:15 pm EDT
- Santiaguito Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EM DTCTD to 13000 ft (4000 m)
Apr 16 2025 at 11:45 am EDT
- Sangay Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: CONT VA EM to 24000 ft (7300 m)
Apr 16 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
- Ibu volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 9-15 April. Daily dense gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible in a webcam image on 15 April.
The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Ibu (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Great Sitkin volcano (United States) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 9-15 April. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network. Steaming from the vent region and slightly elevated surface temperatures were detected in satellite and webcam images during 9-10 March.
Weather clouds often obscured views of the volcano. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Great Sitkin (United States). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Kilauea volcano (United States) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, from vents along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 9-15 April. Seismic tremor rapidly dropped in intensity on 9 April at 0945 but continued at low levels. Around the same time, lava fountaining at the S vent had stopped, but gas-and-steam emissions and weak-to-moderate nighttime incandescence persisted.
Sulfur dioxide emission rates were 1,200 tonnes per day. During 13-14 April both the N and S vents had strong incandescence and continued to emit gas-and-steam. Occasional spattering was visible at the N vent based on webcam images.
Tremor increased late on 13 April. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Kilauea (United States). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Dukono volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono continued during 9-15 April. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-1,000 m above the crater rim and drifted in multiple directions. Ash plumes were reported during 10-15 April that rose 600-1,300 m above the crater and drifted in different directions.
On 11 April at 1038 a white-to-gray ash plume rose 1.3 km above the summit and drifted SE to S. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Dukono (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Kanlaon volcano (Philippines) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 9-15 April, following a notable explosion on 8 April. The seismic network recorded 7-33 daily volcanic earthquakes, including one period of volcanic tremor lasting 18 minutes during 8-9 April, and five periods of tremor lasting 8-23 minutes during 14-15 April. Daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 1,633 to 2,202 tonnes per day.
Gas-and-steam emissions that occasionally contained ash rose 50-800 m above the crater rim and drifted NW, SW, W, and WNW. Ash emissions were recorded at 1152, 1453, and 1717 on 14 April that lasted as long as four hours and 13 minutes. A voluminous gray ash plume rose 800 m, 600 m, and 300-350 m above the crater rim and drifted WNW, WNW, and W, respectively.
Light ashfall and a sulfur odor was reported in Bago City. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Kanlaon (Philippines). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Ahyi volcano (United States) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
Unrest at Ahyi Seamount may have continued during 4-11 April. A diffuse plume of discolored water in the vicinity of the seamount was last identified in a satellite image on 30 March, indicating possible submarine activity. No signals coming from the direction of Ahyi were identified in data from underwater pressure sensors near Wake Island (about 2,270 km E of Ahyi), though sporadic data outages occurred during the week.
The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Source: US Geological Survey
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Ahyi (United States). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Lewotobi volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi Laki-laki continued during 9-15 April. Dense gray ash plumes that rose 300-1,700 m above the summit during 9-11 and 14-15 April drifted NW, W, N, and NE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Lewotobi (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Poas volcano (Costa Rica) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (New Activity / Unrest)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported ongoing inflation and frequent explosions at Poás during 9-15 April. Sulfur dioxide emissions recorded by a mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument measured an average of 223 ± 210 tonnes per day (t/d) and a maximum flux of 5,524 ± 854 t/d on 9 April. Seismographs and infrasound sensors recorded volcanic tremor and acoustic signals.
Gas-and-ash emissions typically rose 100-400 m above the crater.
At 2144 on 8 April a large phreatomagmatic event lasting 15-20 minutes produced an ash plume that rose 1.5 km above the crater and drifted SW. Blocks were ejected onto the crater floor. Frequent ash emissions rising less than 100 m above the crater continued following this event.
The Washington VAAC reported that an ash plume rose 1.5 km above the crater and drifted S at 2350 on 8 April, based on webcam imagery. At 0738 on 9 April there was a transition to continuous ash emissions that rose 300 m above the crater and drifted W. Light ashfall and a sulfur odor was reported, along with damage to nearby vegetation and crops, on the middle and upper parts of the W flank near San Luis (11 km SW) and Trojas de Grecia.
According to the Washington VAAC, at 0820 on 9 April an ash plume rose to 3 km (9,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W, based on webcam images.
During 1116 and 1126 on 11 April several short, intense, eruptive events were recorded. Residents of Poás, Grecia (16 km SW), and Zarcero reported a sulfurous odor and symptoms that included headaches, nausea, sore throat, teary eyes, nasal drip, and allergies relating to the gas emissions and volcanic particles. During 12-13 April ash emissions and higher energy tremors and acoustic infrasound signals were recorded; the height of the ash emissions could not be determined due to cloudy weather conditions.
On 12 April at 0710 the Washington VAAC reported a possible ash plume that rose to 3 km (9,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, though cloudy weather obscured clear views of the summit. The volcano’s Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest color on a four-color scale).
Sources: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Poas (Costa Rica). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Aira volcano (Japan) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 7-14 April. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. An explosion at 1148 on 7 April generated an ash plume that rose 2.9 km above the crater rim and drifted SE.
Large blocks were ejected 600-900 m from the vent. An eruptive event at 1227 on 7 April generated an ash plume that rose 1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted SE. An explosion at 2220 on 13 April generated an ash plume that rose 1.2 km above the crater rim and drifted E.
Large blocks were ejected 500-700 m from the vent. On 7 April sulfur dioxide emissions were slightly higher than average at 1,800 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Aira (Japan). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Bezymianny volcano (Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that a thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images during 3-10 April. According to the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), incandescent debris avalanches descended the SE and/or E flanks, and daily crater incandescence was visible during dark hours. Ash plumes generated from these debris avalanches rose 200-1,100 m above the summit and drifted in different directions during 4-5 and 8-10 April.
Lava-dome extrusion significantly increased on 11 April, causing collapses and hot avalanches of material from the E part of the dome; subsequent ash plumes rose as high as 1.1 km above the summit and drifted at least 90 km NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Bezymianny (Russia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Suwanosejima volcano (Japan) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 7-14 April. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive activity generated emissions that rose 1 km above the crater rim.
Ashfall was reported by the Suwanosejima Branch of the Toshima Village Office (3.5 km SSW). The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Suwanosejima (Japan). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Santa Maria volcano (Guatemala) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito dome complex during 9-15 April with continuing lava extrusion at Caliente dome. Daily explosions, as many as seven per hour when reported, generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.2 km above the dome and possibly drifted as far as 40 km S, E, SE, and NE. Effusion of blocky lava and collapses of material produced block avalanches that mainly descended the S, SW, and W flanks.
Collapsed material sometimes produced short pyroclastic flows that descended the flanks in all directions. Incandescence was visible at Caliente dome and upper part of the SW flank lava flow. On 9 April heavy rainfall generated lahars in the Tambor drainage (SSW) that carried blocks up to 1 m in diameter mixed with fine sediment, tree trunks, and branches.
A sulfurous odor was also reported. Ashfall was reported from Nuevo Palmar (12 km SSW) and Pueblo Nuevo to San Felipe (15 km SSW) and Loma Linda (7 km W) during 11-12 April and in Las Marías (9.5 km S), Calaguaché (9 km S), and Belén (10 km S) during 12-13 April.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Santa Maria (Guatemala). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Semeru volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 9-15 April. Daily ash plumes rose 400-1,000 m above the summit and drifted SW, S, and NE; ash plumes were not visible on 13 April. White gas-and-steam emissions rose 100 m above the summit and drifted N, NE, and S on 10 April.
The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Semeru (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Sheveluch volcano (Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 3-10 April. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Sheveluch (Russia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Stromboli volcano (Italy) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 7-13 April. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at four vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco and from at least two vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N continued to produce low-to-medium-intensity explosions at a rate of 5-15 events per hour, ejecting lapilli and bombs less than 150 m above the vents.
Explosions at the vents in Area C-S ejected tephra above the vent at a rate of 1-7 events per hour. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-level scale).
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Stromboli (Italy). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Sangay volcano (Ecuador) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that moderate levels of eruptive activity continued at Sangay during 9-15 April. The seismic network recorded 45-125 daily explosions. Weather clouds often obscured views, but daily gas-and-ash plumes were visible rising 300-2,100 m above the summit and drifting in different directions.
Nighttime crater incandescence was often visible. During the night of 8 April several incandescent avalanches were detected 400 m below the crater rim. During the early morning of 11 April several incandescent eruptions were visible above the crater level.
A webcam image showed incandescent ejecta on the SE drainage. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Sangay (Ecuador). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Reventador volcano (Ecuador) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that eruptive activity continued at Reventador during 9-15 April. Seismicity included 60-106 daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, harmonic tremor, and tremor associated with emissions. Multiple daily ash-and-gas plumes rose 200-2,200 m above the crater rim and drifted mainly NW, SW, and W.
Webcams recorded multiple nightly instances of incandescent material descending the flanks as far as 1.1 km below the crater rim. During 8-9 April several pyroclastic flows were recorded, reaching more than 700 m below the crater on the SSW flanks. On the morning of 10 April a small lahar was recorded descending the S flank.
That same day, a pyroclastic flow traveled down the SSW flank. Webcam images on 11 April showed another pyroclastic flow descending the SSW flank, with another on 12 April reaching 500 m below the crater on the SW flank. Several pyroclastic flows on the SW flank reached 1 km below the crater on 13 April.
On 14 April two pyroclastic flows descended the SE flank as far as 800 m below the crater. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos maintained the Alert Level at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Reventador (Ecuador). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Marapi volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi’s Verbeek Crater (on Sumatra) continued during 9-15 April. At 0750 on 9 April the Darwin VAAC reported an ash plume that rose to 4.3 km (14,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W, according to a ground observer.
White gas-and-steam emissions rose 100-200 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on 9, 10, 13, and 14 April. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Marapi (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Merapi volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 4-10 April. Seismicity remained at high levels. The SW lava dome produced 31 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 18 that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Krasak drainage, 37 that traveled as far as 1.9 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage, and one that descended the Boyong drainage on the S flank as far as 1.5 km.
Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from minor collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Merapi (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Popocatepetl volcano (Mexico) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that eruptive activity continued at Popocatépetl during 9-15 April. The seismic network recorded 18-94 long-period events per day on most days, accompanied by steam-and-gas emissions. In addition, the seismic network also recorded daily low-amplitude tremor, characterized by harmonic and high-frequency signals, with periods lasting from 11 minutes to five hours and 11 minutes.
A single volcano-tectonic earthquake was detected on 9 April. According to the Washington VAAC an ash plume was visible in webcam and satellite images on 10 April rising 6 km (20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting E.
The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.
Sources: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Popocatepetl (Mexico). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Lewotolok volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 9 April-15 April 2025 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 16 2025 at 10:00 am EDT
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 9-15 April. White steam-and-gas plumes rose 20-400 m above the summit of the cone and drifted W and NW on most days; white-and-gray plumes rose 50-100 m and drifted E and SE on 14 April. Ash plumes rose 300-900 m above the summit and drifted W, NW, and SE on 10-12 and 15 April.
Some nighttime crater incandescence was visible on 15 April. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away on the S, SE, and W flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Lewotolok (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 9 April-15 April 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.