Volcanic Activity Reports
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Apr 19 2024 at 08:30:44 UTCThe ongoing volcanic eruption on Iceland's Reykjanes Peninsula, which began at 20:23 UTC on March 16, 2024, continues to impact the area with significant ground uplift and persistent hazards from volcanic gas emissions. The eruption, centered at the Sundhnúkur crater row, shows no signs of abating, with an expanding lava field now covering 6.15 km² (23.5 mi2).
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Apr 18 2024 at 12:50:40 UTCIncreased seismic activity and inflation detected at Awu Volcano prompted Indonesian authorities to elevate the alert level from 2 to 3 on April 16, 2024. The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG) has advised the public to maintain a distance of at least 5 km (3.1 miles) from the crater due to potential explosive eruptions. The last eruption at this volcano took place in 2004 (VEI 2).
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Apr 18 2024 at 11:59:34 UTCNew activity/unrest was reported for 8 volcanoes from April 10 to 16, 2024. During the same period, ongoing activity was reported for 12 volcanoes.
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Apr 18 2024 at 10:02:54 UTCIndonesia's Ruang volcano in North Sulawesi experienced several violent eruptions on April 16 and 17, 2024, forcing authorities to raise the Alert Level to 4 of 4 and warn nearby residents there is a potential of a tsunami if parts of the volcano collapse into the sea, similarly to what happened in 1871. The last eruptive episode at this volcano was in September 2002 (VEI 4).
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Apr 17 2024 at 01:55:33 UTCA series of powerful eruptions took place at Ruang volcano in Indonesia's North Sulawesi province starting at 17:08 UTC on April 16, 2024 (01:08 LT, April 17). As a result, the Aviation Color Code was raised to Red, the Alert Level to 3 of 4, and local authorities started evacuating more than 800 people living on the island as a preventive measure. The last eruptive episode at this volcano was in September 2002 (VEI 4).
- Santiaguito Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: NEW VA EMS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
Apr 19 2024 at 9:30 am EDT
- Volcanoes Today, 19 Apr 2024: Fuego volcano, Popocatépetl, Semeru, Ruang, Marapi, Reykjanes, Sangay, Nevado del Ruiz
Apr 19 2024 at 8:00 am EDT
- Fuego Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: FRQT VA EMS. to 16000 ft (4900 m)
Apr 19 2024 at 7:00 am EDT
- Sabancaya Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: INTERMITTENT EMISSIONS to 24000 ft (7300 m)
Apr 19 2024 at 5:00 am EDT
- Nevado del Ruiz Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: PSBL VA EMS. to 21000 ft (6400 m)
Apr 19 2024 at 4:00 am EDT
- Popocatépetl Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA NOT DETECTED.
Apr 19 2024 at 3:15 am EDT
- Ruang Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: CONTINUOUS VA TO FL150 MOV SW EST VA DTG: 19/0510Z
Apr 19 2024 at 1:45 am EDT
- Marapi Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO UNKNOWN HEIGHT OBS FM GND AT 19/0412Z
Apr 19 2024 at 1:00 am EDT
- Fuego Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: FRQT VA EMS. to 16000 ft (4900 m)
Apr 19 2024 at 1:00 am EDT
- Reykjanes volcano update: updated hazard map, eruption continues
Apr 19 2024 at 12:41 am EDT
The map is valid from 16 April until 23 April (image: IMO)The updated hazards assessment will be in effect from 15:00 today until 23 April, pending further developments.
Changes have been made to the assessment, with reduced lava flow hazards in most areas except Zone 3 (Sundhnúkur crater row) and Zone 6. This adjustment reflects the absence of recent lava flows in other regions over the past two weeks. Current eruption activity suggests that lava is unlikely to extend far from the crater into other hazard zones.
Consequently, the overall hazard rating in Zone 4 (Grindavík) has been downgraded from high (red) to considerable (orange). Hazard levels in other areas remain unchanged. The risk from gas emissions remains high across all areas except in the Sundhnúkur crater row area (Zone 3), where it is considered very high. Zones 4 (Grindavík) and 6 maintain a high hazard level due to sinkholes and fault movements.
The activity at the eruption site resumes and has now lasted for a month.
The main crater continues to generate the constant spattering of incandescent, juvenile and molten pyroclasts from where feeds the lava flow in the southern direction.
The lava flows predominantly towards the south but has not traveled a significant distance. Instead, it has accumulated and thickened near the crater rather than extending further in length.
Source: Icelandic Met Office volcano activity update 19 April 2024
- Ruang volcano (Sulawesi & Sangihe Islands, Indonesia): eruption plume drifts over 1000 km, currently over broad part of Celebes Sea and Borneo Island
Apr 19 2024 at 12:26 am EDT
The eruption from Ruang volcano has been drifting westward over a vast area of Indonesia (image: ADAM Platform)The plume of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from the recent eruption of Ruang volcano extends over 1000 kilometers. The Sentinel-5P observed the emissions of sulfur dioxide on April 18th as they drifted across a vast part of the Celebes Sea and the Borneo Island.
GEMS measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) from the eruption on April 18th show notable data gaps in areas with high SO₂ column amounts, likely due to clouds or ash. A very preliminary estimate suggests a total sulfur dioxide mass of approximately 0.3 teragrams (Tg).
GK-2B #GEMS SO₂ data for the #Ruang #volcanic cloud on April 18. There are some significant data gaps (likely due to clouds or ash) in regions of high SO₂ column amount, but a very preliminary estimate of total SO₂ mass is ~0.3 Tg. pic.twitter.com/qRfb73F8Yb
— Prof. Simon Carn (@simoncarn) April 18, 2024Satellite-based measurements of SO2 concentrations in the atmosphere show the impressive SO2 plumes ejected by Ruang volcano (image: TROPOMI SO2)
- Sangay Volcano: sporadic emissions of volcanic ash
Apr 18 2024 at 10:45 pm EDT
- Popocatépetl Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EMS OBS to 22000 ft (6700 m)
Apr 18 2024 at 9:00 pm EDT
- Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL140 OBS ON SAT IMG MOV SW AT 19/0000Z to 14000 ft (4300 m)
Apr 18 2024 at 8:30 pm EDT
- Ruang Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: CONTINUOUS VA TO FL150 MOV SW EST VA DTG: 18/2310Z
Apr 18 2024 at 7:45 pm EDT
- Fuego Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EMS CONT to 16000 ft (4900 m)
Apr 18 2024 at 6:45 pm EDT
Satellite image of Fuego volcano on 18 Apr 2024
- Sabancaya Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: continuous ash emissions to 25000 ft (7600 m)
Apr 18 2024 at 5:15 pm EDT
- Volcanic activity worldwide 18 Apr 2024: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Popocatépetl, Semeru, Ruang, D...
Apr 18 2024 at 5:00 pm EDT
Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): (17 Apr) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 10 kts in W direction.Map of today's active volcanoes
The full report is as follows: VA REPORTED TO FL070 OBS VA DTG:17/2220Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: GROUND REPORT OF ERUPTION WITH VA TO FL140 MOV SE
Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: DISCRETE VA TO UNKNOWN HEIGHT REPORTED AT 18/0829Z
Dukono (Halmahera): (18 Apr) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 8000 ft (2400 m) altitude or flight level 080 and is moving at 05 kts in E direction.
The full report is as follows: CONTINUOUS VA TO FL080 OBS AT 18/0100Z MOV E to 8000 ft (2400 m)
Ruang (Sulawesi & Sangihe Islands): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 50000 ft (15200 m) altitude or flight level 500 and is moving at 10 kts in SE direction.
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL500 OBS ON HIMAWARI-9 AT 18/1440Z OBS VA DTG:18/1440Z to 50000 ft (15200 m)
...18 Apr:
Today, the PVMBG surveillance webcam captured the first clear image of the volcano following the strong eruptive episode.
The origin green and vegetated area at the volcano has transformed into a black edifice, blanketed by a heavy load of dark lapilli and fine ash from the recent intense paroxysmal activity.
It remains unclear whether the eruptive phase has concluded or temporarily halted. However, the webcam image suggests that the volcano is currently calm, with only degassing observed at the summit.
...18 Apr:
The alert status for the volcano has been raised from Level III (Siaga) to Level IV (Awas) due to the ongoing high-magnitude explosive eruption over the past two days.
In order to mitigate the current risk, people are advised to avoid the area within approximately 6 km of the main crater.
... [read more]
Fernandina (Galápagos Islands, Ecuador): (18 Apr) The effusive eruption at the volcano continues.
Although the lava flow advance seems to have slowed down a bit due to a lesser amount of gas-steam emissions at the new lava delta identified in the latest satellite image, it still continuse to be active and feed the shoreline.
... [read more]
Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 20000 ft (6100 m) altitude or flight level 200 .
The full report is as follows: NEW VA EMS to 20000 ft (6100 m)
Santiaguito (Guatemala): Mild explosive activity continues from the volcano. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington reported intermittent emissions of volcanic ash plumes.
The full report is as follows: sporadic emissions of volcanic ash
Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 16000 ft (4900 m) altitude or flight level 160 .
The full report is as follows: VA EMS CONT to 16000 ft (4900 m)
Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 19000 ft (5800 m) altitude or flight level 190 .
The full report is as follows: POSS VA EMS to 19000 ft (5800 m)
Sangay (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 19000 ft (5800 m) altitude or flight level 190 .
The full report is as follows: POSS VA EMS to 19000 ft (5800 m)
Sabancaya (Peru): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Buenos Aires warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 25000 ft (7600 m) altitude or flight level 250 and is moving at 10 kts in NW direction.
The full report is as follows: continuous ash emissions to 25000 ft (7600 m)Satellite image of Lewotolo volcano on 17 Apr 2024
- Sangay Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: POSS VA EMS to 19000 ft (5800 m)
Apr 18 2024 at 4:45 pm EDT
- Nevado del Ruiz Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: POSS VA EMS to 19000 ft (5800 m)
Apr 18 2024 at 4:00 pm EDT
- Fuego Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EMS CONT to 16000 ft (4900 m)
Apr 18 2024 at 12:45 pm EDT
- Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: GROUND REPORT OF ERUPTION WITH VA TO FL140 MOV SE
Apr 18 2024 at 11:30 am EDT
Satellite image of Semeru volcano on 18 Apr 2024
- Ruang Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL500 OBS ON HIMAWARI-9 AT 18/1440Z OBS VA DTG: 18/1440Z to 50000 ft (15200 m)
Apr 18 2024 at 11:15 am EDT
Satellite image of Ruang volcano on 18 Apr 2024
- Ruang volcano (Sulawesi & Sangihe Islands, Indonesia): first post-eruption image
Apr 18 2024 at 5:58 am EDT
The first clear image of Ruang volcano after the eruptive activity (image: PVMBG)Today, the PVMBG surveillance webcam captured the first clear image of the volcano following the strong eruptive episode.
The origin green and vegetated area at the volcano has transformed into a black edifice, blanketed by a heavy load of dark lapilli and fine ash from the recent intense paroxysmal activity.
It remains unclear whether the eruptive phase has concluded or temporarily halted. However, the webcam image suggests that the volcano is currently calm, with only degassing observed at the summit.
- Fernandina volcano (Galápagos Islands): lava flows continue to feed lava delta
Apr 18 2024 at 2:48 am EDT
The lava at the contact with sea (image: Instituto Geofísico)The effusive eruption at the volcano continues.
Although the lava flow advance seems to have slowed down a bit due to a lesser amount of gas-steam emissions at the new lava delta identified in the latest satellite image, it still continuse to be active and feed the shoreline.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions reached 325 tonnes at 13:00 local time on 16 April.
According to the MIROVA Detection System, a high thermal anomaly (589 MW) was detected in satellite images this morning.
As the volcano is uninhabited, there is no threat to the population.
Source: Instituto Geofísico volcano activity update 18 April 2024
- Ruang volcano (Sulawesi & Sangihe Islands, Indonesia): alert level raised to level IV, massive umbrella cloud triggered by eruption
Apr 18 2024 at 2:36 am EDT
A massive umbrella cloud following Ruang paroxysm episode (image: CIRA)The alert status for the volcano has been raised from Level III (Siaga) to Level IV (Awas) due to the ongoing high-magnitude explosive eruption over the past two days.
In order to mitigate the current risk, people are advised to avoid the area within approximately 6 km of the main crater.
Following the GEMS measurements, the eruption plume spread into an umbrella cloud, expecting higher levels of SO2 concentrations into the stratosphere. For comparison, the 2002 Ruang eruption generated ~0.1 Tg SO₂.
About the volcanic lightning phase, almost 4,000 instances of lightning have been detected within the eruption plume of of the volcano since 17:00 (UTC) on 16 April.
An umbrella cloud formation following the Ruang eruption on 17 April (source: CIRA)An explosive eruption of the Ruang volcano occurred just hours ago in Indonesia.Himawari-9 captured a view of the powerful eruption. pic.twitter.com/swap7hG1Lz
— CIRA (@CIRA_CSU) April 17, 2024About the volcanic lightning phase, almost 4,000 instances of lightning have been detected within the eruption plume of of the volcano since 17:00 (UTC) on 16 April. (image: Chris Vagasky)
- Volcanic activity worldwide 17 Apr 2024: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Semeru, Ruang, Ibu, Dukono, Rev...
Apr 17 2024 at 5:00 pm EDT
Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA OBS TO FL160 MOV S/SE AT 17/0340Z EST VA DTG:17/1540ZMap of today's active volcanoes
Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): (17 Apr) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 .
The full report is as follows: DISCRETE VA OBS TO FL070 MOV NW AT 17/0100Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 and is moving at 05 kts in SW direction.
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL150 REPORTED AT 17/1733Z EST VA DTG:17/1733Z to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Dukono (Halmahera): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: CONTINUOUS VA TO FL080, LAST REPORT AT 17/0942Z
Ruang (Sulawesi & Sangihe Islands): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 55000 ft (16800 m) altitude or flight level 550 .
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL550 OBS ON HIMAWARI-9 AT 17/1910Z OBS VA DTG:17/1910Z to 55000 ft (16800 m)
...17 Apr:
The activity at the volcano is still continuing at high levels, even at the time of this update.
The situation has been worsening as it has shown very dramatic behaviour over the past several hours.
... [read more]
...17 Apr:
A new eruption commenced at the volcano a shortly after midnight today.
The eruption has been accompanied by a vigorous lava-fountaining episode, known as paroxysm, generating copious ash plumes and lava flows.
... [read more]
Santiaguito (Guatemala): (17 Apr) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
The full report is as follows: OCNL VA EMS. to 14000 ft (4300 m)
Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 16000 ft (4900 m) altitude or flight level 160 .
The full report is as follows: VA EMS CONT to 16000 ft (4900 m)
Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): (17 Apr) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA NOT OBSD.
Reventador (Ecuador): Mild explosive activity continues from the volcano. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington reported intermittent emissions of volcanic ash plumes.
The full report is as follows: sporadic emissions of volcanic ash
Sabancaya (Peru): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Buenos Aires warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 26000 ft (7900 m) altitude or flight level 260 and is moving at 10 kts in W direction.
The full report is as follows: continuous ash emissions to 26000 ft (7900 m)
Nyiragongo (DRCongo): (17 Apr) A new lava lake started to occupy at the summit crater of the volcano over the past two days.
The latest Sentinel-2 image of the volcano revealed a strong thermal anomaly, indicating new lava overflows from the crater vent. A spreading, circular area of lava now covers the previous solidified crust of the lava lake, forming thin, semi-plastic layers on the lake surface due to convection of the underlying lava.
Nyamuragira (DRCongo): (17 Apr) The effusive eruption at the volcano continues.
From the latest Sentinel-2 satellite image on 16 April, the lava lake continues to churn as the lava wells up from below and activity remains confined within the volcano's summit caldera associated with the intermittent night-time glow and constant degassing at the top of the volcano. The central lava lake is currently at stable condition suggests that there is a delicate equilibrium between heat and magma supply and loss (through cooling and mild emissions during degassing).
Volcano Activity Summary for 17 Apr 2024:Satellite image of Semeru volcano on 17 Apr 2024
- Great Sitkin volcano (Andreanof Islands, USA) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
AVO reported that slow lava effusion in Great Sitkin’s summit crater was last confirmed in a 10 April radar satellite image with continuing inflation over the vent and advancement of the NW and E lava lobes. Effusion likely continued during 11-16 April. Seismicity was low with a few small daily earthquakes recorded by the seismic network.
Weather clouds fully or partly obscured satellite and webcam views during some of the week. Possible weakly elevated surface temperatures were observed in satellite images during 15-16 April. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Great Sitkin. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Ibu volcano (Halmahera) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
PVMBG reported that Ibu continued to erupt during 10-16 April. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-2,000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions almost daily; white plumes rose 200-500 m above the summit and drifted SE, W, and NW on 15 April. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second highest level on a four-level scale), with the public advised to stay outside of the 2 km hazard zone and 3.5 km away from the N area of the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Ibu. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Ebeko volcano (Paramushir Island, Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 4-11 April. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 6-8 and 11 April generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW, NE, and E.
A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 6, 9, and 11 April; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Ebeko. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Lewotobi volcano (Flores Island) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
PVMBG reported that on 11 and 14 April white-and-gray plumes rose 100-500 m above the summit of Lewotobi’s Laki-laki volcano and drifted N and E. White plumes rose as high as 150 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 10, 12-13, and 15-16 April. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a 14 April webcam image.
An eruptive event was recorded on 15 April, though no emissions were observed, possibly due to weather conditions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 2-km radius around Laki-laki crater, 3 km to the NNE, and 5 km on the NE flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Lewotobi. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Aira volcano (Kyushu, Japan) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 8-15 April with nighttime crater incandescence. An explosion at 2137 on 10 April produced an ash plume that rose 500 m above the crater rim and ejected large blocks 1.2 km from the vent. Sulfur dioxide emissions were extremely high, averaging 4,300 tons per day on 12 April.
Very small eruptive events occasionally occurred during 12-15 April. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Aira. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Taal volcano (Luzon, Philippines) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (New Activity / Unrest)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
PHIVOLCS reported that a phreatic eruption at Taal was recorded during 0511-0524 on 12 April based on seismic data, infrasound data, and visual observations. A steam plume rose 2.4 km and drifted SW. Four phreatic eruptions recorded during 0945-1522 produced steam plumes that rose 100-300 m.
The events originated from a new vent on the SW side of Taal Main Crater and each lasted 1-13 minutes long. A phreatic event was recorded at 1013 on 13 April, lasted for four minutes, and generated a steam plume that rose 600 m and drifted WNW. Sulfur dioxide emissions that same day averaged 4,709 tonnes per day.
Steam emissions during 14-15 April rose as high as 900 m and drifted WSW. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5), and PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and to take extra precaution around Main Crater and along the Daang Kastila fissure.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Taal. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Sabancaya volcano (Peru) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Sabancaya continued at moderate levels during 8-14 April with a daily average of 44 explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 3 km above the summit and drifted less than 10 km E, SE, and S. Thermal anomalies over the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data.
Slight inflation was detected near the Hualca Hualca sector (4 km N). Sulfur dioxide emissions were at moderate levels, 524 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public were warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius.
Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Sabancaya. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Semeru volcano (Eastern Java) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 10-16 April. White-and-gray or occasionally white-to-brown ash plumes rose 300-1,000 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on most days. An eruptive event was recorded on 14 April but no emission was visible.
The Alert Level remained at 3 (the third highest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Semeru. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Sheveluch volcano (Central Kamchatka, Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
KVERT reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 6-9 and 11 April. A plume of resuspended ash drifted 140 km ESE on 11 April.
The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Sheveluch. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Reykjanes volcano (Reykjanes Peninsula) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
IMO reported that the eruption at a cone along the fissure within the Reykanes volcanic system continued during 10-15 April. Lava flowed short distance mostly S and the flows thickened near the crater. Inflation continued to be detected and gas emissions continued to drift downwind.
Video posted by a news outlet showed lava roiling and spattering in the crater.
Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (RUV)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Reykjanes. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Merapi volcano (Central Java) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 5-11 April. Seismicity remained at high levels and was more intense than the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 103 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km down the SW flank.
One pyroclastic flow traveled 1.1 km SW down the upper part of the Bebeng drainage. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Merapi. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Marapi volcano (Central Sumatra) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 10-16 April. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-600 m above the summit and drifted N and NW on 14 April. White steam-and-gas plumes rose 250-500 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on the other days.
The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 4.5 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Marapi. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
- Lewotolok volcano (Lembata Island) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 10 April-16 April 2024 (Continuing Activity)
Apr 17 2024 at 10:00 am EDT
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 10-16 April. White-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 800 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions almost every day; white emissions rose 400 m above the summit and drifted W and NW on 15 April. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the residents of Lamawolo, Lamatokan, and Jontona were warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 3 km away from the vent on the S and SE flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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From: Global Volcanism Program, 2024. Report on Lewotolok. In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 10 April-16 April 2024. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.