Union City, CA Weather

Updated:  Wed, 15-Oct-2025 2:00pm EDT 
  overcast Temperature: 63.3°F   /hr Humidity: 69% Dew Point: 53.0 Wind: WSW  2.8 mph Gust: 5.0 mph Pressure: 30.016 inHg  Falling slowly Rain Today: 0.00 in UV-index: 1.8   Low 

Volcanic Activity Reports

Volcanoes – The Watchers

• High-level eruption at Lewotobi volcano, Indonesia
  Oct 14 2025 at 13:46:54 UTC
  A high-level eruption occurred at Lewotobi Laki-laki volcano on Flores Island, Indonesia, at 23:37 WITA (15:37 UTC) on October 14, 2025, producing an ash column rising to 13 700 m (44 500 feet) above sea level. The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) raised the Aviation Color Code to Red after Himawari-8 satellite imagery confirmed ash extending northwest at approximately 28 km/h (17 mph).

  Source

Worldwide Volcano News

• Volcanic activity worldwide 15 Oct 2025: Vulcano volcano, Fuego, Klyuchevskoy, Semeru, Ibu, Reventad...
  Oct 15 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Vulcano (Eolian Islands, Italy): (14 Oct) Increased concentrations of gases have been recorded observed by locals from the Caldera della Fossa over the past few days.
  
  Klyuchevskoy (Kamchatka): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Tokyo warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 23000 ft (7000 m) altitude or flight level 230 and is moving at 15 kts in SW direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA AT 20251015/1530Z FL230 EXTD SW OBS VA DTG:15/1530Z to 23000 ft (7000 m)
  
  Canlaon (Central Philippines): (14 Oct) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20251014/2254Z FL090 EXTD SW REPORTED OBS VA DTG:14/2300Z
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION WITH VA REP AT 15/1006Z MOV NE EST VA DTG:15/1110Z
  
  Lewotobi (Flores): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 22000 ft (6700 m) altitude or flight level 220 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL220 MOV NW OBS AT 15/1500Z OBS VA DTG:15/1800Z to 22000 ft (6700 m)
  ...15 Oct:
  Another strong explosion occurred at the volcano at 09:21 local time this morning.
  According to the volcano observatory, the eruption generated an ash column rising approx. 9,500 m above the summit of the Lewotobi Laki-laki peak.
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi volcano activity update 15 October 2025
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION WITH VA TO FL140 LAST REP AT 15/1006Z MOV SW
  
  Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS CONT to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): (15 Oct) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 19000 ft (5800 m) altitude or flight level 190 .
  The full report is as follows: VONA RPRT RCVD to 19000 ft (5800 m)
  
  Sangay (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 19000 ft (5800 m) altitude or flight level 190 .
  The full report is as follows: NEW VA EMS to 19000 ft (5800 m)
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS PSBL
  Volcano Activity Summary for 15 Oct 2025:
  


• Volcanoes Today, 15 Oct 2025: Vulcano volcano, Fuego, Klyuchevskoy, Semeru, Ibu, Reventador, Sangay, Canlaon
  Oct 15 2025 at 3:00 pm EDT
  


• Lewotobi Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL220 MOV NW OBS AT 15/1500Z OBS VA DTG: 15/1800Z to 22000 ft (6700 m)
  Oct 15 2025 at 2:15 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Klyuchevskoy Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA AT 20251015/1530Z FL230 EXTD SW OBS VA DTG: 15/1530Z to 23000 ft (7000 m)
  Oct 15 2025 at 12:15 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Reventador Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EMS PSBL
  Oct 15 2025 at 11:45 am EDT
  
  
  


• Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ERUPTION WITH VA TO FL140 LAST REP AT 15/1006Z MOV SW
  Oct 15 2025 at 11:00 am EDT
  
  Satellite image of Semeru volcano on 15 Oct 2025
  
  


• Fuego Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EMS CONT to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  Oct 15 2025 at 10:45 am EDT
  
  
  


• Ibu Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ERUPTION WITH VA REP AT 15/1006Z MOV NE EST VA DTG: 15/1110Z
  Oct 15 2025 at 7:30 am EDT
  
  Satellite image of Ibu volcano on 15 Oct 2025
  
  


• Sangay Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: NEW VA EMS to 19000 ft (5800 m)
  Oct 15 2025 at 7:15 am EDT
  
  
  


• Lewotobi Lakilaki volcano (Flores Island, Indonesia): yet another powerful explosion, ash column rising 9,5 km above summit
  Oct 15 2025 at 6:08 am EDT
  
  Powerful eruption from Lewotobi Lakilaki volcano this morning (image: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi/x.com)

  Another strong explosion occurred at the volcano at 09:21 local time this morning.
  According to the volcano observatory, the eruption generated an ash column rising approx. 9,500 m above the summit of the Lewotobi Laki-laki peak.
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi volcano activity update 15 October 2025

  
  


• Lewotobi Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA TO FL150 MOV NW, FL220 MOV N OBS AT 15/0940Z to 15000 ft (4600 m)
  Oct 15 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  
  Satellite image of Lewotobi volcano on 15 Oct 2025
  
  


• Klyuchevskoy Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EMISSIONS CONTINUING OBS VA DTG: 15/0520Z to 27000 ft (8200 m)
  Oct 15 2025 at 2:15 am EDT
  
  Satellite image of Klyuchevskoy volcano on 15 Oct 2025
  
  


• Reventador Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: FRQT VA EMS to 15000 ft (4600 m)
  Oct 15 2025 at 12:45 am EDT
  
  
  


• Nevado del Ruiz Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VONA RPRT RCVD to 19000 ft (5800 m)
  Oct 14 2025 at 11:30 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Fuego Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EMS LIKELY to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  Oct 14 2025 at 11:00 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Lewotobi Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA OBS TO FL180 AT 15/0040Z MOV NW, VA TO FL220 MOV NW to 18000 ft (5500 m)
  Oct 14 2025 at 9:15 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Canlaon Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ERUPTION AT 20251014/2254Z FL090 EXTD SW REPORTED OBS VA DTG: 14/2300Z
  Oct 14 2025 at 7:30 pm EDT
  
  Satellite image of Canlaon volcano on 14 Oct 2025
  
  


• Ibu Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA ERUPTION LAST REP AT 14/1551Z OBS VA DTG: 14/2300Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  Oct 14 2025 at 7:30 pm EDT
  
  
  


• Semeru Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: VA EMISSION REP AT 14/1636Z EST VA DTG: 14/2140Z
  Oct 14 2025 at 6:00 pm EDT
  
  Satellite image of Semeru volcano on 14 Oct 2025
  
  


• Vulcano volcano (Eolian Islands, Italy): strong degassing
  Oct 14 2025 at 5:05 pm EDT
  
  Degassing from the Vulcano volcano as seen from Lipari (image: Gabriele Costanzo/x.com)

  Increased concentrations of gases have been recorded observed by locals from the Caldera della Fossa over the past few days.

  
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 14 Oct 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Klyuchevskoy, Popocatépetl, Se...
  Oct 14 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Vestmannaeyjar (Iceland): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center London (VAAC) issued the following report: ENDEX OBS VA DTG:14/1623Z
  
  Klyuchevskoy (Kamchatka): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: NOT PROVIDED
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 10 kts in NE direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 LAST REP AT 14/09906Z EST VA DTG:14/1140Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  Lewotobi (Flores): The very high eruptive activity at the volcano has been continuing tonight and is still ongoing at the time of this update.
  An impressive and violent lava-fountaining episode (so-called paroxysm) is now in progress at the volcano's crater. Columns of incandescent lava have been surpassing several hundred of meters associated with copious ash emissions. The abundant ash plume has been propagating west-southwest and northwest up to an altitude of 11 km above sea level.
  A new lava flow started to descend over the flanks.
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMISSION REP AT 13/1718Z EST VA DTG:14/0940Z
  
  Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): (13 Oct) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: CVGHM REPORT ERUPTION VIA SEISMOGRAM AT 13/2052Z
  
  Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 20000 ft (6100 m) altitude or flight level 200 and is moving at 25 kts in SW direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS OBS to 20000 ft (6100 m)
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): (13 Oct) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 .
  The full report is as follows: VA CLD OBS to 15000 ft (4600 m)
  
  Fuego (Guatemala): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS CONT
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): (14 Oct) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: PSBL VA EMS
  
  Sangay (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS RPRTD
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS LKLY CONTNG
  
  Planchón-Peteroa (Central Chile and Argentina): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Buenos Aires (VAAC) issued the following report: VA REPORTED
  


• Lewotobi Lakilaki volcano (Flores, Indonesia): strong eruption built up 45,000 ft billowing ash column and lava fountains
  Oct 14 2025 at 4:51 pm EDT
  
  High lava fountains and lava flows illumiate the edifice during the strong paroxysm phase tonight (image: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi)

  The very high eruptive activity at the volcano has been continuing tonight and is still ongoing at the time of this update.
  An impressive and violent lava-fountaining episode (so-called paroxysm) is now in progress at the volcano's crater. Columns of incandescent lava have been surpassing several hundred of meters associated with copious ash emissions. The abundant ash plume has been propagating west-southwest and northwest up to an altitude of 11 km above sea level.
  A new lava flow started to descend over the flanks.

  A strong glow following vigorous lava fountains early tonight (image: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi)
  
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 13 Oct 2025: Fuego volcano, Klyuchevskoy, Popocatépetl, Semeru, Ibu, Re...
  Oct 13 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Klyuchevskoy (Kamchatka): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Tokyo warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 23000 ft (7000 m) altitude or flight level 230 and is moving at 15 kts in E direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA EMISSIONS CONTINUING OBS VA DTG:13/1720Z to 23000 ft (7000 m)
  
  Suwanose-jima (Ryukyu Islands): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTED AT 20251013/1209Z OVER FL060 EXTD SE OBS VA DTG:13/1210Z
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 05 kts in NE direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 REP FM GND AT 13/1250Z EST VA DTG:13/1820Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  Lewotobi (Flores): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 9000 ft (2700 m) altitude or flight level 090 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL090 REP FM GND AT 13/1639Z MOV WSW EST VA DTG:13/1650Z to 9000 ft (2700 m)
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMISSION REP FM GND AT 13/1240Z EST VA DTG:13/1530Z
  
  Shishaldin (Aleutian Islands, Alaska): (12 Oct) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Anchorage warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 4000 ft (1200 m) altitude or flight level 040 and is moving at 5 kts in NNE direction.
  The full report is as follows: MINOR LOW LEVEL VA EMISSIONS to 4000 ft (1200 m)
  
  Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: NO VA OBS
  
  Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS OBS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 21000 ft (6400 m) altitude or flight level 210 .
  The full report is as follows: VONA RPRT RCVD to 21000 ft (6400 m)
  
  Sangay (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA NOT OBS
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS PSBL
  Volcano Activity Summary for 13 Oct 2025:
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 12 Oct 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Semeru, Ibu, Reventador, Sangay, Canlaon
  Oct 12 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Canlaon (Central Philippines): (11 Oct) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20251011/2247Z FL090 EXTD SE REPORTED OBS VA DTG:11/1530Z
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 05 kts in NE direction.
  The full report is as follows: GROUND REPORT OF VA ERUPTION TO FL070 MOV NE AT 12/1210Z. to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION REPORTED AT 12/1115Z EST VA DTG:12/1540Z
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 and is moving at 5 kts in SW direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS OBS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  
  Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS ONGOING to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  
  Sangay (Ecuador): (12 Oct) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: PSBL VA EMS
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: ONGOING VA EMS
  Volcano Activity Summary for 12 Oct 2025:
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 11 Oct 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Popocatépetl, Semeru, Ibu, Duk...
  Oct 11 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 10000 ft (3000 m) altitude or flight level 100 and is moving at 10 kts in SE direction.
  The full report is as follows: GROUND REPORT OF ERUPTION AT 11/1200Z OBS VA DTG:11/1210Z to 10000 ft (3000 m)
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION LAST REP AT 11/0750Z EST VA DTG:11/0940Z
  
  Dukono (Halmahera): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 LAST AT 11/0000Z MOV S EST VA DTG:11/1140Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 21000 ft (6400 m) altitude or flight level 210 .
  The full report is as follows: DISCRETE VA EM. to 21000 ft (6400 m)
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): (11 Oct) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
  The full report is as follows: MULT VA EMS. to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  
  Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
  The full report is as follows: ONGOING VA EMS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  
  Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS RPRTD
  
  Sangay (Ecuador): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 21000 ft (6400 m) altitude or flight level 210 .
  The full report is as follows: VA EMS OBS to 21000 ft (6400 m)
  
  Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS PSBL
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 10 Oct 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Popocatépetl, Semeru, Ibu, Lew...
  Oct 10 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Suwanose-jima (Ryukyu Islands): (10 Oct) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: VA AT 20251010/0445Z REPORTED OBS VA DTG:10/0450Z
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): (10 Oct) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 6000 ft (1800 m) altitude or flight level 060 and is moving at 05 kts in SE direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL060 REP 10/0746Z EST VA DTG:10/0810Z to 6000 ft (1800 m)
  
  Lewotobi (Flores): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 8000 ft (2400 m) altitude or flight level 080 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL080 REP AT 10/0727Z EST VA DTG:10/1800Z to 8000 ft (2400 m)
  
  Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 7000 ft (2100 m) altitude or flight level 070 and is moving at 15 kts in W direction.
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL070 REP AT 10/0929Z EST VA DTG:10/0930Z to 7000 ft (2100 m)
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION LAST REP AT 10/0940Z EST VA DTG:10/0940Z
  
  Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 19000 ft (5800 m) altitude or flight level 190 .
  The full report is as follows: NEW VA EMS to 19000 ft (5800 m)
  
  Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
  The full report is as follows: NEW VA EMS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  
  Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
  The full report is as follows: ONGOING VA EMS to 14000 ft (4300 m)
  
  Planchón-Peteroa (Central Chile and Argentina): (9 Oct) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Buenos Aires (VAAC) issued the following report: WV AND PSBL LIGHT VA
  
  Tinguiririca (Central Chile and Argentina): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Buenos Aires (VAAC) issued the following report: VA REPORTED 10/0955
  Volcano Activity Summary for 10 Oct 2025:
  


• Volcanic activity worldwide 9 Oct 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Karymsky, Klyuchevskoy, Merapi, ...
  Oct 9 2025 at 5:00 pm EDT
  
  Map of today's active volcanoes
  Svartsengi (Reykjanes peninsula, SW Iceland): The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that by 23 September around 10 million cubic meters of magma had accumulated beneath Svartsengi since the last eruption within the Reykjanes volcanic system ended on 5 August. Data showed that magma was accumulating at around 4 km depth. The rate of magma accumulation was steady; model calculations based on deformation measurements indicated that by 27 September the volume may reach 11 million cubic meters, a volume that in some previous cases was followed by eruptions.
  Since the likelihood of an eruption had increased, IMO raised the Volcanic Alert Level System (VAL) to 2 (on a scale of 0-3) on 25 September and concurrently a risk assessment map of the area was also updated.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that by 23 September around 10 million cubic meters of magma had accumulated beneath Svartsengi since the last eruption within the Reykjanes volcanic system ended on 5 August. Data showed that magma was accumulating at around 4 km depth. The rate of magma accumulation was steady; model calculations based on deformation measurements indicated that by 27 September the volume may reach 11 million cubic meters, a volume that in some previous cases was followed by eruptions.
  Since the likelihood of an eruption had increased, IMO raised the Volcanic Alert Level System (VAL) to 2 (on a scale of 0-3) on 25 September and concurrently a risk assessment map of the area was also updated.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that by 23 September around 10 million cubic meters of magma had accumulated beneath Svartsengi since the last eruption within the Reykjanes volcanic system ended on 5 August. Data showed that magma was accumulating at around 4 km depth. The rate of magma accumulation was steady; model calculations based on deformation measurements indicated that by 27 September the volume may reach 11 million cubic meters, a volume that in some previous cases was followed by eruptions.
  Since the likelihood of an eruption had increased, IMO raised the Volcanic Alert Level System (VAL) to 2 (on a scale of 0-3) on 25 September and concurrently a risk assessment map of the area was also updated.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
  ---
  
  
  Krasheninnikov (Kamchatka, Russia): The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that the eruption at Krasheninnikov continued during 18-25 September. A daily large thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. Explosions at Northern Cone produced ash plumes that rose 2.4 km a.s.l., or nearly 600 m above the summit, and drifted 260 km SE and E during 23-25 September.
  A commercial satellite image on 25 September showed that lava flows had traveled 2.9 km NW, 2.8 km NE, and 3 km ENE. The upper half of the ENE flows were incandescent along with the main vent of Northern Cone. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Copernicus
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that the eruption at Krasheninnikov continued during 18-25 September. A daily large thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. Explosions at Northern Cone produced ash plumes that rose 2.4 km a.s.l., or nearly 600 m above the summit, and drifted 260 km SE and E during 23-25 September.
  A commercial satellite image on 25 September showed that lava flows had traveled 2.9 km NW, 2.8 km NE, and 3 km ENE. The upper half of the ENE flows were incandescent along with the main vent of Northern Cone. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Copernicus
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that the eruption at Krasheninnikov continued during 18-25 September. A daily large thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. Explosions at Northern Cone produced ash plumes that rose 2.4 km a.s.l., or nearly 600 m above the summit, and drifted 260 km SE and E during 23-25 September.
  A commercial satellite image on 25 September showed that lava flows had traveled 2.9 km NW, 2.8 km NE, and 3 km ENE. The upper half of the ENE flows were incandescent along with the main vent of Northern Cone. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Copernicus
  
  
  Klyuchevskoy (Kamchatka): The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that wind was no longer resuspending ash previously deposited on the N flank of Klyuchevskoy. Only fumarolic emissions were observed. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) on 25 September.
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that wind was no longer resuspending ash previously deposited on the N flank of Klyuchevskoy. Only fumarolic emissions were observed. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) on 25 September.
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that wind was no longer resuspending ash previously deposited on the N flank of Klyuchevskoy. Only fumarolic emissions were observed. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) on 25 September.
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  
  
  Karymsky (Kamchatka): The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that explosions at Karymsky were last observed in August. In September activity was at moderate levels characterized by steam-and-gas emissions and a weak thermal anomaly identified in satellite images; weather clouds sometimes obscured views. On 25 September the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale).
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that explosions at Karymsky were last observed in August. In September activity was at moderate levels characterized by steam-and-gas emissions and a weak thermal anomaly identified in satellite images; weather clouds sometimes obscured views. On 25 September the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale).
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that explosions at Karymsky were last observed in August. In September activity was at moderate levels characterized by steam-and-gas emissions and a weak thermal anomaly identified in satellite images; weather clouds sometimes obscured views. On 25 September the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale).
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  
  
  Shiveluch (Kamchatka): The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 18-25 September. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. Ash plumes were identified in satellite and webcam images rising to 5 km a.s.l. and drifting more than 150 km SE and NW during 18-19 September.
  Plumes of resuspended ash drifted 1,700 km E and SE during 23-25 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 18-25 September. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. Ash plumes were identified in satellite and webcam images rising to 5 km a.s.l. and drifting more than 150 km SE and NW during 18-19 September.
  Plumes of resuspended ash drifted 1,700 km E and SE during 23-25 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 18-25 September. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. Ash plumes were identified in satellite and webcam images rising to 5 km a.s.l. and drifting more than 150 km SE and NW during 18-19 September.
  Plumes of resuspended ash drifted 1,700 km E and SE during 23-25 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  
  
  Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 22-29 September. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. A very small eruptive event was recorded on 27 September.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 22-29 September. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. A very small eruptive event was recorded on 27 September.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 22-29 September. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. A very small eruptive event was recorded on 27 September.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
  ---
  
  
  Suwanose-jima (Ryukyu Islands): (9 Oct) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ACTIVITY CONT. VA AT 20251009/0600Z FL060 EXTD W OBS VA DTG:09/0600Z
  ...9 Oct:
  The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 22-29 September. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive events during 23-28 September generated ash plumes that rose 1-1.6 km above the crater rim and drifted mainly N, NW, and E.
  Small amounts of ashfall were reported in Toshima Village (3.5 km SSW) on 27 September. Ash emissions were continuous from 2238 on 27 September to 0100 on 28 September. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 22-29 September. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive events during 23-28 September generated ash plumes that rose 1-1.6 km above the crater rim and drifted mainly N, NW, and E.
  Small amounts of ashfall were reported in Toshima Village (3.5 km SSW) on 27 September. Ash emissions were continuous from 2238 on 27 September to 0100 on 28 September. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 22-29 September. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive events during 23-28 September generated ash plumes that rose 1-1.6 km above the crater rim and drifted mainly N, NW, and E.
  Small amounts of ashfall were reported in Toshima Village (3.5 km SSW) on 27 September. Ash emissions were continuous from 2238 on 27 September to 0100 on 28 September. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
  ---
  
  
  Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA LAST GND RPT TO FL060 AT 09/1026Z EST VA DTG:09/1330Z
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 24-30 September. Dense gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few nighttime webcam images.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 24-30 September. Dense gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few nighttime webcam images.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 24-30 September. Dense gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few nighttime webcam images.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  
  Lewotobi (Flores): (9 Oct) Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 12000 ft (3700 m) altitude or flight level 120 .
  The full report is as follows: VA TO FL120 OBS AT 09/0620 MOV SW OBS VA DTG:09/0620Z to 12000 ft (3700 m)
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes with variable densities rose as high as 2 km above the summit of Lewotobi Laki-laki and drifted N, NW, W, and SW during 23-29 September. According to a news article the Fransiskus Xaverius Seda Airport (60 km W) was closed on 26 September through early 27 September; volcanic ash caused six flights to be canceled. PVMBG noted that seismic activity during the week was dominated by low-frequency earthquakes, non-harmonic tremor, and signals indicating eruptive events and emissions.
  The number of explosions fluctuated at moderate levels and the number of deep volcanic earthquakes declined. Tilt data indicated inflation at shallow depths and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data showed continuing deformation. At 1500 on 29 September the Alert Level was lowered to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes with variable densities rose as high as 2 km above the summit of Lewotobi Laki-laki and drifted N, NW, W, and SW during 23-29 September. According to a news article the Fransiskus Xaverius Seda Airport (60 km W) was closed on 26 September through early 27 September; volcanic ash caused six flights to be canceled. PVMBG noted that seismic activity during the week was dominated by low-frequency earthquakes, non-harmonic tremor, and signals indicating eruptive events and emissions.
  The number of explosions fluctuated at moderate levels and the number of deep volcanic earthquakes declined. Tilt data indicated inflation at shallow depths and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data showed continuing deformation. At 1500 on 29 September the Alert Level was lowered to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes with variable densities rose as high as 2 km above the summit of Lewotobi Laki-laki and drifted N, NW, W, and SW during 23-29 September. According to a news article the Fransiskus Xaverius Seda Airport (60 km W) was closed on 26 September through early 27 September; volcanic ash caused six flights to be canceled. PVMBG noted that seismic activity during the week was dominated by low-frequency earthquakes, non-harmonic tremor, and signals indicating eruptive events and emissions.
  The number of explosions fluctuated at moderate levels and the number of deep volcanic earthquakes declined. Tilt data indicated inflation at shallow depths and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data showed continuing deformation. At 1500 on 29 September the Alert Level was lowered to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
  ---
  
  
  Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 24-30 September. On most days white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-600 m above the summit of the cone and drifted W and NW; only white plumes rising to 100 m above the summit were observed on 27 September. Several nighttime webcam images showed Strombolian ejections of incandescent material above the cone and onto the flanks.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 24-30 September. On most days white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-600 m above the summit of the cone and drifted W and NW; only white plumes rising to 100 m above the summit were observed on 27 September. Several nighttime webcam images showed Strombolian ejections of incandescent material above the cone and onto the flanks.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 24-30 September. On most days white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-600 m above the summit of the cone and drifted W and NW; only white plumes rising to 100 m above the summit were observed on 27 September. Several nighttime webcam images showed Strombolian ejections of incandescent material above the cone and onto the flanks.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  
  Merapi (Central Java, Indonesia): The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 19-25 September. The SW lava dome produced 5 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 37 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 46 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from lava effusion and minor collapses.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Antara News
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 19-25 September. The SW lava dome produced 5 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 37 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 46 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from lava effusion and minor collapses.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Antara News
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 19-25 September. The SW lava dome produced 5 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 37 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 46 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from lava effusion and minor collapses.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Antara News
  ---
  
  
  Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA LAST GND RPT TO FL140 AT 09/0228Z EST VA DTG:09/1540Z
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 24-30 September, with daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes rose 400-900 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4).
  The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 24-30 September, with daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes rose 400-900 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4).
  The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 24-30 September, with daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes rose 400-900 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4).
  The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  
  Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA GND RPT TO FL140 AT 09/1554Z EST VA DTG:09/1600Z
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 24-30 September. Eruptive events at 1959 on 24 September and at 2116 on 26 September were recorded but weather conditions prevented visual confirmation. An eruptive event at 1831 on 26 September produced a dense white-and-gray ash plume that rose 1 km above the summit and drifted E.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 24-30 September. Eruptive events at 1959 on 24 September and at 2116 on 26 September were recorded but weather conditions prevented visual confirmation. An eruptive event at 1831 on 26 September produced a dense white-and-gray ash plume that rose 1 km above the summit and drifted E.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 24-30 September. Eruptive events at 1959 on 24 September and at 2116 on 26 September were recorded but weather conditions prevented visual confirmation. An eruptive event at 1831 on 26 September produced a dense white-and-gray ash plume that rose 1 km above the summit and drifted E.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  
  Dukono (Halmahera): The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 24-30 September. White-and-gray gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 700 m above the summit on most days and drifted E, NW, and W. White plumes rose as high as 200 m above the summit and drifted E and SW on 26 and 29 September.
  The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 24-30 September. White-and-gray gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 700 m above the summit on most days and drifted E, NW, and W. White plumes rose as high as 200 m above the summit and drifted E and SW on 26 and 29 September.
  The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 24-30 September. White-and-gray gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 700 m above the summit on most days and drifted E, NW, and W. White plumes rose as high as 200 m above the summit and drifted E and SW on 26 and 29 September.
  The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  
  
  Ambrym (Vanuatu): The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported ongoing unrest at Ambrym during September. A weak thermal anomaly was detected in satellite images on 4 and 12 September. Seismic data confirmed ongoing unrest.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). VMGD warned the public to stay outside of Permanent Danger Zone A, defined as a 1-km radius around Benbow Crater and a 2-km radius around Marum Crater, and to stay 500 m away from the ground cracks created by the December 2018 eruption.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported ongoing unrest at Ambrym during September. A weak thermal anomaly was detected in satellite images on 4 and 12 September. Seismic data confirmed ongoing unrest.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). VMGD warned the public to stay outside of Permanent Danger Zone A, defined as a 1-km radius around Benbow Crater and a 2-km radius around Marum Crater, and to stay 500 m away from the ground cracks created by the December 2018 eruption.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported ongoing unrest at Ambrym during September. A weak thermal anomaly was detected in satellite images on 4 and 12 September. Seismic data confirmed ongoing unrest.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). VMGD warned the public to stay outside of Permanent Danger Zone A, defined as a 1-km radius around Benbow Crater and a 2-km radius around Marum Crater, and to stay 500 m away from the ground cracks created by the December 2018 eruption.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  
  
  Lopevi (Vanuatu): The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that seismic data confirmed continuing unrest at Lopevi during September. Low-level thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 12-13 and 17 September. Small fumarolic steam plumes were continuously emitted from the summit crater on 22 September based on webcam images.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-4).
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that seismic data confirmed continuing unrest at Lopevi during September. Low-level thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 12-13 and 17 September. Small fumarolic steam plumes were continuously emitted from the summit crater on 22 September based on webcam images.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-4).
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that seismic data confirmed continuing unrest at Lopevi during September. Low-level thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 12-13 and 17 September. Small fumarolic steam plumes were continuously emitted from the summit crater on 22 September based on webcam images.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-4).
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  
  
  Yasur (Tanna Island, Vanuatu): The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5) during September. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions were identified in satellite images during 2-17 and 19-21 September, and low-level thermal anomalies were identified during 6-7, 9-12, 16-17, and 19 September. Field photos and webcam images indicated that explosions continued periodically, producing emissions of gas, steam, and/or ash during 3, 9-10, 12, 14, 16-19, 21, and 23-25 September.
  Seismic data confirmed continuing volcanic activity with explosions that were occasionally strong. The report warned that ejected material from explosions could fall in and around the crater. The public was reminded to not enter the restricted area within 600 m around the boundaries of the Permanent Exclusion Zone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  
  ...9 Oct:
  The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5) during September. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions were identified in satellite images during 2-17 and 19-21 September, and low-level thermal anomalies were identified during 6-7, 9-12, 16-17, and 19 September. Field photos and webcam images indicated that explosions continued periodically, producing emissions of gas, steam, and/or ash during 3, 9-10, 12, 14, 16-19, 21, and 23-25 September.
  Seismic data confirmed continuing volcanic activity with explosions that were occasionally strong. The report warned that ejected material from explosions could fall in and around the crater. The public was reminded to not enter the restricted area within 600 m around the boundaries of the Permanent Exclusion Zone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.
  ... [read more] ... [show less]
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  
  ...8 Oct:
  The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5) during September. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions were identified in satellite images during 2-17 and 19-21 September, and low-level thermal anomalies were identified during 6-7, 9-12, 16-17, and 19 September. Field photos and webcam images indicated that explosions continued periodically, producing emissions of gas, steam, and/or ash during 3, 9-10, 12, 14, 16-19, 21, and 23-25 September.
  Seismic data confirmed continuing volcanic activity with explosions that were occasionally strong. The report warned that ejected material from explosions could fall in and
  


• Krasheninnikov volcano (Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that the eruption at Krasheninnikov continued during 18-25 September. A daily large thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. Explosions at Northern Cone produced ash plumes that rose 2.4 km a.s.l., or nearly 600 m above the summit, and drifted 260 km SE and E during 23-25 September.
  A commercial satellite image on 25 September showed that lava flows had traveled 2.9 km NW, 2.8 km NE, and 3 km ENE. The upper half of the ENE flows were incandescent along with the main vent of Northern Cone. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  
  Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Copernicus
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Krasheninnikov (Russia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Lewotobi volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes with variable densities rose as high as 2 km above the summit of Lewotobi Laki-laki and drifted N, NW, W, and SW during 23-29 September. According to a news article the Fransiskus Xaverius Seda Airport (60 km W) was closed on 26 September through early 27 September; volcanic ash caused six flights to be canceled. PVMBG noted that seismic activity during the week was dominated by low-frequency earthquakes, non-harmonic tremor, and signals indicating eruptive events and emissions.
  The number of explosions fluctuated at moderate levels and the number of deep volcanic earthquakes declined. Tilt data indicated inflation at shallow depths and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data showed continuing deformation. At 1500 on 29 September the Alert Level was lowered to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki.
  
  Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Lewotobi (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Klyuchevskoy volcano (Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that wind was no longer resuspending ash previously deposited on the N flank of Klyuchevskoy. Only fumarolic emissions were observed. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) on 25 September.
  Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
  
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Klyuchevskoy (Russia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Lewotolok volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 24-30 September. On most days white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-600 m above the summit of the cone and drifted W and NW; only white plumes rising to 100 m above the summit were observed on 27 September. Several nighttime webcam images showed Strombolian ejections of incandescent material above the cone and onto the flanks.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit.
  
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Lewotolok (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Kilauea volcano (United States) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining, incandescence, and intermittent spatter from craters along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 23-29 September. Incandescence at both the N and S vents was visible overnight during the week and gas plumes continued to be emitted from them. Scientists did not see lava in the vents during an overflight on 24 September.
  Weak spattering and occasional flames at the N vent were visible during 27-28 September. Persistent glow from N vent overnight during 28-29 September was punctuated by nine gas-piston cycles of lava overflowing the cone and draining back into the cone. They were recorded at 2147 on 28 September and at 0215, at 0426, at 0512, at 0618, at 0632, at 0700, at 0740, and at 0814 on 29 September, and each lasted 5-10 minutes.
  There was intermittent but strong incandescence at the S vent. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
  
  Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Kilauea (United States). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Katmai volcano (United States) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that on 27 September strong winds in the vicinity of Katmai and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes dispersed unconsolidated ash up to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. to the SE. The ash was originally deposited during the Novarupta-Katmai eruption in 1912.
  The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal (the lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).
  
  Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Katmai (United States). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Sheveluch volcano (Russia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 18-25 September. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. Ash plumes were identified in satellite and webcam images rising to 5 km a.s.l. and drifting more than 150 km SE and NW during 18-19 September.
  Plumes of resuspended ash drifted 1,700 km E and SE during 23-25 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
  
  Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Sheveluch (Russia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Suwanosejima volcano (Japan) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 22-29 September. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive events during 23-28 September generated ash plumes that rose 1-1.6 km above the crater rim and drifted mainly N, NW, and E.
  Small amounts of ashfall were reported in Toshima Village (3.5 km SSW) on 27 September. Ash emissions were continuous from 2238 on 27 September to 0100 on 28 September. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.
  
  Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Suwanosejima (Japan). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Yasur volcano (Vanuatu) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5) during September. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions were identified in satellite images during 2-17 and 19-21 September, and low-level thermal anomalies were identified during 6-7, 9-12, 16-17, and 19 September. Field photos and webcam images indicated that explosions continued periodically, producing emissions of gas, steam, and/or ash during 3, 9-10, 12, 14, 16-19, 21, and 23-25 September.
  Seismic data confirmed continuing volcanic activity with explosions that were occasionally strong. The report warned that ejected material from explosions could fall in and around the crater. The public was reminded to not enter the restricted area within 600 m around the boundaries of the Permanent Exclusion Zone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.
  
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Yasur (Vanuatu). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Semeru volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 24-30 September, with daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes rose 400-900 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4).
  The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
  
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Semeru (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Merapi volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 19-25 September. The SW lava dome produced 5 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 37 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 46 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from lava effusion and minor collapses.
  The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
  
  Source: Antara News
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Merapi (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Marapi volcano (Indonesia) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 24-30 September. Eruptive events at 1959 on 24 September and at 2116 on 26 September were recorded but weather conditions prevented visual confirmation. An eruptive event at 1831 on 26 September produced a dense white-and-gray ash plume that rose 1 km above the summit and drifted E.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
  
  Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Marapi (Indonesia). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

  
  


• Lopevi volcano (Vanuatu) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 24 September-30 September 2025 (Continuing Activity)
  Oct 9 2025 at 6:00 am EDT
  

  The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that seismic data confirmed continuing unrest at Lopevi during September. Low-level thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 12-13 and 17 September. Small fumarolic steam plumes were continuously emitted from the summit crater on 22 September based on webcam images.
  The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-4).
  
  Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
  ---
  From: Global Volcanism Program, 2025. Report on Lopevi (Vanuatu). In: Mayberry, G (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report 1 October-7 October 2025. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.